An analysis of Differential Item Functioning on INVALSI tests,designed to explore gender gap in mathematical tasks

This study presents a quantitative approach based on Differential Item Functioning analysis within the Item Response Theory framework, to quantify gender differences in tackling specific mathematical items. We use this approach to explore two crucial topics in mathematics education (misconceptions in decimal numbers, and estimation) by analysing answers given by Italian students to specific mathematical items taken from a sample of 1400 items administered in INVALSI tests since 2008. For each item, we have a sample of 30,000 students per year, statistically representative of the entire Italian student population. The results section presents a didactic interpretation of the statistical evidence and shows how interdisciplinarity between statistics and mathematics education, with a mixed-method approach (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004), represents a good approach to exploring the gender gap in relation to specific constructs of math education. This approach, common in many disciplines, can also make an interesting contribution to mathematics education research.     

图像数据挖掘方法研究

对基于图的数据挖掘国内外研究现状作了总结,从相关的基本概念开始,介绍了目前最具代表的三个算法AGM、FSG和gSpan的主要思想,并对各算法的复杂性作了比较分析和论述,并对图挖掘将来的发展方向作了简要分析。     

心理测量理论与技术在美国医师执照考试中的应用

本文介绍了心理测量理论与技术在美国医师执照考试中的应用情况，包括考生构成和及格率的简要描述；项目反应理论的基本要点及其在医师执照考试统计分析，题库建设、考试设计和组卷程序中的具体应用；测验分数等值化的方法，分数报告形式以及及格标准的制定程序。     

基于粗糙集理论的区间数模糊综合评判

针对评判指标较多,且指标的权重没有给出的情况,利用粗糙集的相关理论,先对评判指标进行约简,再确定剩下指标的权重,最后利用区间数模糊综合评判方法得出评判结果.     

论大学英语四、六级测试改革趋向

大学英语四、六级测试从实施以来一直处于改革与调整中，但综合来看它都受制于语言能力理论和心理教育测量理论的发展。而今由于新的能力理论与现代测量项目反映理论（IRT）的提出与计算机技术的运用，使四、六级测试面临从传统纸笔考试走向计算机自适应考试（CAT）的重大的改革。     

PSC“说话”项“语音面貌”的归档

普通话水平测试(PSC)“说话”项“语音面貌”归档的正确与否,直接影响到应试人的普通话等级。测试实践证明要准确地对“语音面貌”进行归档,就必须采取定量与定性相结合的评分办法。先对应试人的“语音失误”进行分类记录,然后根据其成系统的“语音错误”和“语音缺陷”的种类,判定“方音成分”的轻重程度。这样就可以根据对量的分析,作出定性的,也比较合乎实际的判断,使“语音面貌”的归档具有科学性。     

A systematic review of item response theory in language assessment: Implications for the dimensionality of language ability

The present study conducted a systematic review of the item response theory (IRT) literature in language assessment to investigate the conceptualization and operationalization of the dimensionality of language ability. Sixty-two IRT-based studies published between 1985 and 2020 in language assessment and educational measurement journals were first classified into two categories based on a unidimensional and multidimensional research framework, and then reviewed to examine language dimensionality from technical and substantive perspectives. It was found that 12 quantitative techniques were adopted to assess language dimensionality. Exploratory factor analysis was the primary method of dimensionality analysis in papers that had applied unidimensional IRT models, whereas the comparison modeling approach was dominant in the multidimensional framework. In addition, there was converging evidence within the two streams of research supporting the role of a number of factors such as testlets, language skills, subskills, and linguistic elements as sources of multidimensionality, while mixed findings were reported for the role of item formats across research streams. The assessment of reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills was grounded within both unidimensional and multidimensional framework. By contrast, vocabulary and grammar knowledge was mainly conceptualized as unidimensional. Directions for continued inquiry and application of IRT in language assessment are provided.     

部分高校在校研究生参加体育锻炼项目情况及影响因素

为了解在校研究生参加体育锻炼项目及其影响因素,为研究生体育活动的开展提供科学依据,运用问卷调查等方法对全国40处院所的在读研究生进行了调查。调查发现研究生对体育项目的选择在整体上具有广泛性,球类是研究生最喜爱的体育锻炼项目;研究生在体育锻炼项目的选择上呈现一种无奈状态;研究生在体育项目的选择上呈现出性别差异;场地情况、体育组织、体育指导等客观因素是解决他们参加体育锻炼问题的瓶颈。     

基于事务模式树的分层挖掘算法的改进研究与分析

介绍了频繁模式挖掘的相关概念和基本定理,提出了基于事务模式树的分层挖掘算法。该算法首次提出并实现了可累加挖掘,并以实例分析进行了验证。     

颜色词语义模糊性的原型描述

本文将认知语言学的原型范畴理论和模糊合论运用于描述颜色范畴的相互依赖和融合状况，揭示了合成颜色词的隶属度是基本颜色范畴的模糊“并”运算，衍生颜色词的隶属度是基本颜色范畴的模型“交”运算，论证了把语义范畴看成是模糊集合的可行性。