静默疗法对肿瘤化疗病人恶心、呕吐的防治作用

目的探索静默疗法对肿瘤化疗副反应的作用。方法将300例进行化学治疗的肿瘤病人随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各150例病人。对照组进行治疗时,只用常规的恩丹西酮预防恶心、呕吐等副作用;而试验组除了用恩丹西酮外,在受过专门训练护理人员的指导下用静默疗法辅助治疗来预防恶心、呕吐等副作用。结果试验组胃肠道等副反应控制率为57%,与对照组(43%)比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论静默疗法有减轻或防止化疗药物引起的胃肠道反应等副反应的作用。     

A Comparative Study of Bone Scan Findings and Serum Levels of Tumor Marker CA15-3 in Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. Available staging procedures to detect breast cancer are bone scan, chest X-ray, liver ultrasonography, computerized tomography, estimation of tumor markers like carbohydrate antigen (CA15-3) and carcino embryonic antigen. These procedures are expensive and may not be required in all cases. Out of 70 patients studied, 55 had normal CA15-3 and 15 had elevated levels of Ca15-3. Eight (14.5%) of the 55 patients with normal CA15-3 had abnormal bone scan. Fifteen patients had CA15-3 levels above the normal range and among these 9 (60%) had abnormal bone scan. While prime facie it would appear that a high level of CA15-3 correlate with abnormal bone scan, it is also true that the numbers are small at present and conclusions about the validity of CA15-3 as marker of bone metastasis may be premature.     

氯化铵对顺铂诱导A549细胞凋亡的形态学研究

目的探讨氯化铵(NH4CL)对顺铂(cisplatin,CDDP)抑制A549细胞增殖的影响。方法体外培养人肺癌A549细胞,MTT法检测NH4CL及CDDP对人肺癌A549细胞增殖率的影响;光镜下观察NH4CL及CDDP对A549细胞生长的影响;共聚焦显微镜下观察A549细胞核的形态变化。结果与对照组相比,给予不同浓度的NH4CL及CDDP导致A549细胞增殖率明显下降;光镜下观察A549细胞经非毒性剂量的NH4CL与CDDP联合应用处理后细胞生长抑制明显高于单独给予CDDP组;共聚焦显微镜观察可见非毒性剂量的NH4CL与CDDP联合应用处理A549细胞核碎裂现象明显多于单独CDDP处理组。结论 NH4CL可以促进CDDP对A549A细胞的凋亡诱导作用。     

分段逆向调强优化方法在乳腺癌调强放疗计划设计中的应用研究

目的:制作乳腺癌调强放疗计划时,采用分段逆向调强优化方法以达到更好的靶区剂量和保护肺、心脏等危及器官。方法:应用Eclipse8.6计划系统针对10例乳腺癌患者(肿瘤原发部位左右侧各5例)分别制定T1,T2模式调强放疗计划,处方剂量均为DT50Gy/25次。T1模式采用左乳300°、330°、0°、30°、60°、90°和120°方向射野,右乳60°、30°、0°、330°、300°、270°和240°方向射野,设置优化参数进行逆向优化和剂量运算。T2模式采用与T1模式相同的角度方向设野,第一段总剂量24Gy,分次剂量2Gy,分12次治疗,设置优化参数进行逆向优化和剂量运算;第二段总剂量26Gy,分次剂量2Gy,分13次照射,设置优化参数,采用"Base dose plan"功能选择基于第一段治疗计划以总量50Gy来逆向优化和剂量运算。将两段计划相加作为T2模式的治疗计划,通过剂量体积直方图比较两种模式下计划的靶体积和危及器官剂量分布。结果:T1、T2模式调强放疗计划的靶体积均满足临床剂量要求,对于左侧乳腺癌,适形指数分别为0.727±0.034、0.751±0.034(t=-6.20,P=0.003);对于右侧乳腺癌,适形指数分别为0.691±0.058、0.729±0.048(t=-5.39,P=0.006)。对左侧乳腺癌,T2模式的左肺V10(%)、左肺V20(%)、左肺V30(%)、全肺V10(%)、全肺V20(%)、全肺V30(%)和心脏V10(%)均大于T1模式,分别增大5.0%、2.7%、3.7%、4.6%、2.6%、3.8%和4.4%。对于右侧乳腺癌,无充分证据说明危及器官各指标有差别。结论:与T1模式相比,采用分段逆向调强优化方法能更好的优化靶区的剂量分布,但对左侧乳腺癌而言,会略微增加左肺、全肺和心脏剂量受量。     

Comparative features of colorectal and gastric cancers with microsatellite instability in Chinese patients

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to determine the unique and universal features of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) and MSI-H gastric cancer (GC) in the Chinese population.     

Science Letters：IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis with its expression associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1

Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 （IGFBP7） was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma （CRC） and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization （SSH） cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR （MSP） and bisulfite sodium PCR （BSP）, we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exonl. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2＇-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.     

美国重要癌症基金资助现状分析

本文综合美国主要癌症基金过去7年中对癌症项目的资助情况,从项目的领域分布、项目的数量变化、项目的类型分布、癌症种类情况等多个角度,分析美国癌症基金的资助现状和特点,对了解和把握国外癌症研究方向有借鉴意义,同时为我国癌症基金工作提供有益思路。     

自由基与肺癌发病机制

肺癌是严重影响人类健康的疾病,其发病机制目前尚未阐明.自由基医学是近年来兴起的一门交叉学科,本文对自由基在吸烟、职业烟尘微粒、金属离子、石英、石棉等理化因素致肺癌过程中的发病机制进行探讨.     

子宫颈癌疫苗研究新进展

子宫颈癌是妇女中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。人乳头状瘤病毒感染是子宫颈癌发生的基本因素,预防人乳头状瘤病毒感染就可以避免子宫颈癌的发生,理想的预防方法是应用人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗。目前预防和治疗宫颈癌的疫苗类型有载体类、抗原相关类、细胞类等。本文综述了上述疫苗的作用机理及研究进展。并对未来宫颈癌的治疗进行了展望。     

光敏疗法治疗口腔癌15例报告

应用光敏疗法治疗口腔癌１５例，其中ＣＲ１例，ＰＲ８例，ＭＲ４例，ＮＲ２例，总有效率为６０％（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ），观察表明对浅表肿瘤疗效较好