Association between physical activity and digestive-system cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) may have an impact on digestive-system cancer (DSC) by improving insulin sensitivity and anticancer immune function and by reducing the exposure of the digestive tract to carcinogens by stimulating gastrointestinal motility, thus reducing transit time. The current study aimed to determine the effect of PA on different types of DSC via a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsIn accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Using a random effects model, the relationship between PA and different types of DSC was analyzed.ResultsThe data used for meta-analysis were derived from 161 risk estimates in 47 studies involving 5,797,768 participants and 55,162 cases. We assessed the pooled associations between high vs. low PA levels and the risk of DSC (risk ratio (RR)  = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.79–0.85), colon cancer (RR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.76–0.87), rectal cancer (RR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80–0.98), colorectal cancer (RR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.69–0.85), gallbladder cancer (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64–0.98), gastric cancer (RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.76–0.91), liver cancer (RR = 0.73, 0.60–0.89), oropharyngeal cancer (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.72–0.87), and pancreatic cancer (RR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.78–0.93). The findings were comparable between case-control studies (RR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.68–0.78) and prospective cohort studies (RR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80–0.91). The meta-analysis of 9 studies reporting low, moderate, and high PA levels, with 17 risk estimates, showed that compared to low PA, moderate PA may also reduce the risk of DSC (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.80–1.00), while compared to moderate PA, high PA seemed to slightly increase the risk of DSC, although the results were not statistically significant (RR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.94–1.32). In addition, limited evidence from 5 studies suggested that meeting the international PA guidelines might not significantly reduce the risk of DSC (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.91–1.02).ConclusionCompared to previous research, this systematic review has provided more comprehensive information about the inverse relationship between PA and DSC risk. The updated evidence from the current meta-analysis indicates that a moderate-to-high PA level is a common protective factor that can significantly lower the overall risk of DSC. However, the reduction rate for specific cancers may vary. In addition, limited evidence suggests that meeting the international PA guidelines might not significantly reduce the risk of DSC. Thus, future studies must be conducted to determine the optimal dosage, frequency, intensity, and duration of PA required to reduce DSC risk effectively.     

Gene expression and apoptosis response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by biocompatible polymer/magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil

BackgroundSuper-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) contain a chemotherapeutic drug and are regarded as a promising technique for improving targeted delivery into cancer cells.ResultsIn this study, the fabrication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was investigated with loaded Dextran (DEX-SPION) using the co-precipitation technique and conjugated by folate (FA). These nanoparticles (NPs) were employed as carriers and anticancer compounds against liver cancer cells in vitro. Structural, magnetic, morphological characterization, size, and drug loading activities of the obtained FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION NPs were checked using FTIR, VSM, FESEM, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential techniques. The cellular toxicity effect of FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION NPs was evaluated using the MTT test on liver cancer (SNU-423) and healthy cells (LO2). Furthermore, the apoptosis measurement and the expression levels of NF-1, Her-2/neu, c-Raf-1, and Wnt-1 genes were evaluated post-treatment using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. The obtained NPs were spherical with a suitable dispersity without noticeable aggregation. The size of the NPs, polydispersity, and zeta were 74 ± 13 nm, 0.080 and −45 mV, respectively. The results of the encapsulation efficiency of the nano-compound showed highly colloidal stability and proper drug maintenance. The results indicated that FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION demonstrated a sustained release profile of 5-FU in both phosphate and citrate buffer solutions separately, with higher cytotoxicity against SNU-423 cells than against other cells types. These findings suggest that FA-DEX-SPION NPs exert synergistic effects for targeting intracellular delivery of 5-FU, apoptosis induction, and gene expression stimulation.ConclusionsThe findings proved that FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION presented remarkable antitumor properties; no adverse subsequences were revealed against normal cells.How to cite: Mahdia SA, Kadhimb AA, Albukhaty S, et al. Gene expression and apoptosis response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by biocompatible polymer/magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.001     

The Plasma DNA Concentration as a Potential Breast Cancer Screening Marker

Increased levels of plasma DNA have frequently been noticed in the blood plasma of cancer patients. The possibility of using plasma DNA level as the indicator of tumor stage in breast cancer was investigated in plasma samples obtained from 100 breast cancer patients and 100 healthy women who were included as controls. Circulatory plasma free DNA was extracted from plasma samples and quantified by fluorometer. The median concentration of plasma DNA in the plasma samples from breast cancer patients classified by TNM staging system as stage I, II, III, IV and breast surgical patients were 0.5, 235, 422, 1,280 and 0.5 ng/ml, respectively. The level of plasma DNA in the stage II- IV group was significantly higher than those in the surgical group with breast cancer and control group (P value < 0.001). The plasma DNA concentration in stage II, III and IV of breast cancer were higher when compared with healthy group. These tumor size, TNM stage and metastasis were significantly correlated with plasma DNA. The cut point of 120 ng/ml was early screening and treatment follow up breast cancer.     

不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌患者HPV病毒感染情况研究

目的探讨各级别宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌患者HPV病毒感染情况。方法本研究采用TCT联合荧光定量PCR法检测HPV病毒,病理学检查为金标准,TCT筛查正常者为对照组。结果HPV病毒感染率随年龄增加有下降的趋势。HPV-16、58、18三种亚型位居各级别宫颈病变HPV病毒感染的前三位。HPV病毒双重或多重感染与宫颈病变级别之间无正相关性。结论HPV-16、58、18三种亚型致病力强,易导致高级别宫颈病变,具有较高的致癌性。     

Preoperatively molecular staging with CM10 ProteinChip and SELDI-TOF-MS for colorectal cancer patients

Objectives： To detect the serum proteomic patterns by using SELDI-TOF-MS （surface enhanced laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry） technology and CM10 ProteinChip in colorectal cancer （CRC） patients, and to evaluate the significance of the proteomic patterns in the tumour staging of colorectal cancer. Methods： SELDI-TOF-MS and CM10 ProteinChip were used to detect the serum proteomic patterns of 76 patients with colorectal cancer, among them, 10 Stage Ⅰ, 19 Stage Ⅱ, 16 Stage Ⅲ and 31 Stage Ⅳ samples. Different stage models were developed and validated by support vector machines, disctiminant analysis and time-sequence analysis. Results： The Model Ⅰ formed by 6 protein peaks （m/z： 2759.58, 2964.66, 2048.01, 4795.90, 4139.77 and 37761.60） could be used to distinguish local CRC patients （Stage Ⅰ and Stage Ⅱ） from regional CRC patients （Stage Ⅲ） with an accuracy of 86.67% （39/45）. The Model Ⅱ formed by 3 protein peaks （m/z： 6885.30, 2058.32 and 8567,75） could be used to distinguish locoregional CRC patients （Stage Ⅰ, Stage Ⅱ and Stage Ⅲ） from systematic CRC patients （Stage IV） With an accuracy of 75.00% （57/76）. The Model Ⅲ could distinguish Stage Ⅰ from Stage Ⅱ with an accuracy of 86.21% （25/29）. The Model Ⅳ could distinguish Stage Ⅰ from Stage Ⅲ with accuracy of 84.62% （22/26）. The Model Ⅴ could distinguish Stage Ⅱ from Stage Ⅲ with accuracy of 85.71% （30/35）. The Model Ⅵ could distinguish Stage Ⅱ from Stage Ⅳ with accuracy of 80.00% （40/50）. The Model Ⅶ could distinguish Stage Ⅲ from Stage Ⅳ with accuracy of 78.72% （37/47）. Different stage groups could be distinguished by the two-dimensional scattered spots figure obviously. Conclusion： This method showed great success in preoperatively determining the colorectal cancer stage of patients.     

食管癌根治术胃管意外拔出原因分析及干预对策

通过对我院2011年1月～12月84例食管癌根治术患者留置的胃管观察,总结胃管意外拔出的原因,包括术前术中术后各阶段的护理风险分析,认为对食管癌根治患者留置胃管采取相应的护理干预,保持其固定牢靠,引流通畅,是减少术后并发症的重要措施,也是手术成功的关键。     

元极疗法在防治癌症中的作用探讨

癌症的发生主要是因自然界六淫,精神方面的七情,饮食方面的五味,劳逸的失度,先后天三元比例失调而引起,与人的不良行为和心理因素有着密切联系。元极医学可通过改善病人的不良情绪,消除病人的不良行为,使患者从绝望、焦虑、恐惧中解脱出来,提高机体免疫力,并通过三元能量的作用达到防治癌症的目的。     

Ki-67、VEGF、CD34表达与病理类型相关性的研究

目的：探讨Ki-67、VEGF、CD34在乳腺癌中的表达及与病理类型之间的相关性。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法对79例乳腺癌和34例乳腺良性病变的Ki-67、VEGF、CD34表达进行检测。结果：乳腺良性病变中的Ki-67、VEGF、CD34阳性率分别为53．1％、78．6％和100％；乳腺癌中的Ki-67、VEGF、CD34阳性率分别为75．6％、80.9和100％。乳腺良性病变中Ki-67、VEGF的表达水平与乳腺癌中的表达水平之间存在明显差异，CD34不存在明显差异；Ki-67、VEGF的阳性率和表达水平在低度恶性肿瘤与高度恶性肿瘤中存在明显差别．并且与肿瘤分化程度密切相关，CD34的阳性率和表达水平在低度恶性肿瘤和高度恶性肿瘤中不存在差异；Ki-67、VEGF阳性率和表达水平在淋巴结未转移组和转移组之间存在明显差别．VEGF表达与淋巴结转移之间存在密切相关．CD34阳性率和表达水平在淋巴结未转移和淋巴结转移组之间不存在明显差别；Ki-67与VEGF、VEGF与CD34表达之间存在密切相关。结论：Ki-67、VEGF、CD34与乳腺癌的病理参数之间存在密切相关，联合检测是制定乳腺癌治疗方案和预后估计的重要依据，是对传统的激素受体检测的有力补充。     

心理社会因素对癌症病人治疗影响之研究

对癌症病人治疗影响的因素很复杂，本文试图将社会心理因素在癌症的病因和治疗进程方面所起的作用进行评价，便于在选择和发展评价方法上提供合理的手段。     

癌性神经肌病的病理临床特点

以２例癌性神经肌病为例讨论了癌性神经肌病的病因、发病机理、病理变化及诊断要点,提示临床上出现进行性神经肌肉症状,应警惕恶性肿瘤的可能。