山西高职旅游专业学生英语素质情况与教学完善建议

近几年,来山西旅游的外国人数不断增加,山西外事旅游业的不断扩大,对高职旅游专业学生英语素质的提升提出了更高要求。高职旅游专业学生英语教学改革必要并且急迫。ESP需求分析理论已充分应用于高职高专教育,在此基础上提出的＂岗位英语＂的教学新模式更有利于推动高职高专英语教学。因此有必要依据新的培养方式对学生课程进行调整和安排。     

二战以来德国青少年科技教育的途径与特点

德国青少年科学教育主要分为学校科学教育和学校之外的科普教育。学校科学教育在目标上侧重培养学生的科学素养,内容上课程趋于综合,方法上注重学生的动手能力,培养学生的科学兴趣。同时,德国在全社会举办丰富多彩的科普教育活动,让科技教育延伸到学生的生活之中。     

Between education and care? Critical reflections on early childhood policies in Germany

This article identifies the responsibilities for early childhood care and education (ECCE) in the German child and youth welfare system and shows the expansion of children's services. The official German statistics demonstrate that almost every child from the age of three to school age attends ‘Kindergarten’. Current policies and measures are therefore mainly focused on extending provision for the under‐threes. There are still enormous differences in the number of places available for children under three years of age between the eastern and western parts of Germany. Due to the increased significance of early education and the educational curricula drafted in all 16 Länder over the past few years, the qualifications required of professional pedagogues today have changed considerably. There is a broad consensus in Germany that it is necessary to redefine the course content and structure and put them on a theoretical basis. The article pinpoints the problems of children with special needs, and especially of those whose family language is not German. Despite some positive developments in German ECCE little progress has been made with regard to effectively implementing the conceptual unity of education, care and upbringing.     

喜剧《灰姑娘》——论克里斯蒂安·迪特里希·格拉贝的《灰姑娘》

德国喜剧作家格拉贝剧作《灰姑娘》的源头有三,一是他早期喜剧《玩笑、讽刺、讥讽及深层意义》,二是查尔斯.佩劳特的《鹅妈妈的童谣》中的《水晶鞋》,三是格林兄弟的《灰姑娘》故事。但剧作中又增加了高利贷者艾塞克和鼠变马车夫。前者源于莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克,后者是其早期中的魔鬼形象的转变,可以游走于生活在现实世界和变幻莫测的魔法王国中。     

讲座制下德国大学教师的职业发展

讲座是德国大学的重要学术组织形式,讲座制是德国高等教育体制的重要特征。在高等教育体制高度趋同的德国,大学教师的职业发展模式体现了这种制度的本质和核心,教师的聘用、晋升和任命是构成这种模式的关键因素。在教育大众化和全球化发展背景下,传统体制弊端日益显现,改革迫在眉睫。     

威廉二世时代德国的战略困境及其成因分析

威廉二世时代德国的战略困境主要表现为：在地缘政治上,同英、俄两大洲际强国的战略矛盾难以调和;在经济与社会环境上,工业化时代欧洲社会的转型,使极端民族主义情绪甚嚣尘上,矛盾与斗争成为主旋律,加剧了协调的困难;在决策层面上,德国政治精英刻板蛮横、一味强硬的思维模式构成了决策层面的战略困境。这种困境的形成,既有国际环境和德国社会发展的原因,也受到德国决策者个人因素的影响。     

简论俾斯麦在统一德国中的领导艺术

俾斯麦以其卓越的领导艺术为德国的统一做出了杰出的贡献。其突出体现在以下两个方面：一、他作为一个务实主义者和理性主义者,制定了切实可行的战略目标,并以坚强的意志果断地去实施和完成这个目标;二、作为一个出色的政治家、外交家,他能以高瞻远瞩的战略眼光和决策能力去推动国家目标的实现,他善于调动和利用国内外的一切积极因素来为达到自己的目标服务,运用灵活多变的外交手段来加速其目标的实现。     

德国学校心理学家的培养模式与课程模块

学校心理学是德国应用心理学的重要分支。本文以慕尼黑大学和班贝格大学为例,简要分析了德国学校心理学专业课程概况及人才培养模式,介绍了德国职业心理学家协会提出的学校心理学家培训进修的6大课程模块。     

The climate for entrepreneurship at higher education institutions

While the importance of a supportive context for entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged, its antecedents are rarely investigated. We apply the concept of organizational climate to higher education institutions and examine the drivers of students’ perceptions of the entrepreneurial climate in their university. Combining data from two unique datasets and using multilevel techniques, we analyze the relationship between university characteristics and such climate perceptions of 8009 students at public universities in Germany. We find university entrepreneurship measures to have a positive effect on students’ climate perceptions, which also depend on students’ background and gender. In addition, we find evidence for different peer effects, depending on students’ affinity for entrepreneurship. For the general student population, including entrepreneurship content in their normal studies seems to be required to initiate a social process of sensemaking. However, students’ perception of the entrepreneurial climate only depend to a certain degree on intentional entrepreneurship measures. In our study, general university characteristics have the strongest influence on climate perceptions. Overall, our study adds to our understanding of which parameters are important for establishing a more favorable and inspiring climate for becoming an entrepreneur at higher education institutions.