Learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline: the case of the German Army, 1939–1940

To survive in and adapt to dynamic, turbulent, and complex environments, organizations need to engage in learning. This truism is particularly relevant for army organizations in times of war and armed conflict. In this article a case of army operations during World War II is analyzed on the basis of ?rtenblad’s integrated model of the learning organization and Argyris and Schön’s theory of action approach. Among others, it is found that survival of and adaptation to combat conditions is possible through single-loop learning, provided that this learning takes place in an open and productive learning climate. This and other conclusions have important implications for theory and practice of organizational learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline.     

平板运动试验对大学生室性早搏的评价

应用美国MAX运动平板试验系统,观察了16名大学生不明原因室早患者与16名健康对照者运动平板试验过程中心率、早搏、心电图Q—T间期、Q—T离散度的变化。结果是室早组次极量运动时室早明显减少或消失14例,良性早搏占87．5％,对照组中1名运动过程中出现偶发室早。与对照组相比,两组运动前后心率、心电图Q—Td、Q～Tcd差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。运动平板试验能够作为评价青年人不明原因室早的依据,有益于指导临床治疗。     

The problems of the beginning teacher in the Arab schools in Israel

This article focuses on the problems of beginning teachers in the Arab sector in Israel. The participants were 146 beginning teachers, 5 mentors, and 5 advisors. The research measurements included an open-ended question and a semi-structured interview. Our research revealed many different cultural aspects related to most of the problems of the beginning teachers. These problems are accompanied by difficult conflicts within the beginning Arab teachers who are exposed to western democratic educational models which are partially rejected by traditional Arab culture and society. The expectations of the teacher to become an agent of change in Arab society are not fulfilled in the first year, in which he/she tries to fit into the school, as well as the culture from which she/he comes and to which he returns. The problems which the beginning teachers report are related to didactic and disciplinary knowledge, adjustment to the organizational climate and culture of the school, problems of work overload, and individual differences among the pupils.     

元代百泉书院兴盛的自然与人文环境

始建于五代末年的百泉书院在元代得到了极大发展,这与百泉书院当时所处的环境具有密不可分的联系。文章主要从自然、政治、经济和文化四个方面对元代百泉书院的环境进行了分析探究。     

浙江省2003年夏季异常高温气候及其成因分析

本文基于浙江省夏季高温、副热带高压、台风、太阳黑子活动、回归温度等资料，利用距平、不同等级高温日数、与历史极值比较等手段及其方法，所得结果表明：浙江省2003年夏季高温明显偏高，全国偏高2-3℃的区域仅仅出现在浙江省中东部地区；高温强度异常偏强且分布有南强北弱的特点，而以浙江东部地区的高温较为突出；造成浙江2003年夏季高温的主要原因是出梅早、梅期短；控制浙江的副热带高压强大持续稳定；台风影响轻；太阳黑子活动的影响。     

Personal,professional, political: an exploration of science teacher identity development for teaching climate change

Abstract

Climate change presents societal and environmental challenges, as well as educational ones. Obstacles abound within teaching and learning climate change, related to its complex nature, the proliferation of misinformation, and its absence from many science curricula. Efforts have previously been made to study teacher content knowledge and beliefs on climate change with varying results. This study employed identity as a theoretical framework to examine aspects of climate change teaching. This study followed a reflexively iterative process that enabled the construction of a conceptual model for identity development. This model demonstrates multifaceted influences including personal, professional, and political elements, and the dynamism these elements exhibit over time. This conceptual model is best described via five trends: Personal Valuation of Nature; Experiences in Science Teaching and Learning; Teacher Instructional Support and Agency; Epistemic Evidence-based Instruction; and Civic and Social Awareness via Socioscientific Literacy. The presence and strength of enactment of each trend led to the development of four possible constructions of identity: Passionate Environmentalist, Student Interest Engager, Content First Educator, and Civic and Epistemic Skills Promoter. Most frequently teachers exhibited combinations of identities and often created a unique amalgam of multiple dimensions of identities in action.     

唐宋时期的科学环境与科学精神

唐宋时期的盛世繁荣在科技方面也有体现，着重分析其产生的科学环境以及在科学家群体身上所体现出的科学精神。     

Creating Respectful Classroom Environments

Creating respectful classroom environments Respect is a critical variable in education. It is critical to each individual child in the classroom environment as well as to the teaching and learning that takes place in the classroom. Children learn by example. Where do they get their examples? This article explores the parameters of teaching and encouraging respect in classrooms for young children. Emphasis is placed on the creation of respectful classroom environments taught by teachers who have themselves been prepared to nurture this kind of environment.     

Culture, Climate, and Contribution: Career Satisfaction Among Female Faculty

Retention of female faculty is an important issue for institutions of higher education aiming for excellence and diversity. However, an essential first step in understanding retention is to examine what contributes to career satisfaction for academic women. This study is based on data from a census survey of faculty conducted in 1996 at a Research I university located in the Midwest. Using Hagadorn's (2000) model for conceptualizing faculty job satisfaction, the study identifies domains of environmental condition, departmental climate, and demographics that play a role in female faculty's overall career satisfaction.     

Unnatural Disasters: Two Calculus Projects for Instructors Teaching Mathematics for Social Justice

Abstract

We provide context and motivation for an instructor to use real-life examples in the calculus classroom. To this end we describe two specific project ideas, one related to the devastating impact of methylmercury fungicide in a grain seed supply and the other to a catastrophic methane leak. By using calculus in contexts that have social justice implications, we hope to empower students to reason for themselves, to use mathematics as a powerful tool to deepen their understanding of the world, and ultimately, to effectively confront the challenges society faces.