气候变化外交谈判的科技支持

《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》表达了国际社会应对气候变化挑战的行动意愿,为国际社会解决气候变化问题建立了基本的政治和法律框架。气候变化外交谈判主要涉及的是与履行公约和议定书有关的问题、机制和进程。本文分析了气候变化国际谈判过程中可能涉及到的关键科学问题,论述了这些问题的实质和意义,提出了参与相关谈判的初步对策建议     

研究生团队创新氛围的影响因素研究

创新氛围与创新绩效高度相关,但有关创新氛围前因变量的实证研究仍然较少。本文在文献回顾的基础上,提出了研究生团队创新氛围的影响因素的概念模型。从导师创新性、导师魅力、学生成熟度、学生经验开放性、师生关系、团队认同感六个方面探讨了研究生团队创新氛围的影响因素,并通过对我国高校374名研究生的问卷调查,进行结构方程模型分析,实证研究了上述六个因子对研究生团队创新氛围各维度的影响作用。结果显示:导师魅力、师生关系对参与安全和创新支持均有显著的正向影响,导师创新性、导师魅力、学生成熟度和团队认同感对愿景目标有显著的正向影响,最后指出了营造自由、和谐的研究生团队创新氛围的具体措施。     

Mapping the classroom emotional environment

Harvey and Evans (2003) have proposed that teachers’ emotional skills, as required in the classroom, can be organized into a five-dimensional model. Further research is necessary to validate this model and evaluate the importance of each dimension of teacher emotion competence for educational practice. Using a statistical method for mapping psychological constructs, teachers’ emotional practices were transformed into a ‘map’ with three spatial dimensions, which was supported by comparative validity checks. The nature of emotional practice was further investigated by administering a Q-Sort of emotional practice items to 100 teachers. Ten highly applicable clusters of emotional behavior across six profile patterns with teachers were identified. Authors’ model and the applicability of emotions were generally supported.     

应对气候变化与可持续发展

以全球增暖及其影响为主要研究内容的全球变化问题已引起国际社会的广泛关注。本文剖析了应对气候变化与可持续发展的关系,重点分析了全球变化影响的适应与可持续发展的关系,适应与可持续发展问题的协调与系统性。依据《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》系列国家报告,对近年来中国应对气候变化的政策与行动进行了总结。最后,提出了有序应对全球气候变化的建议。     

青藏高原积雪变化及其影响

青藏高原积雪具有特殊的自然属性,是"亚洲水塔"的重要组成部分,其空间分布特征与变化不仅是天气和气候变化的产物,也会对全球和区域变化产生显著的影响。文章通过多种遥感数据分析了青藏高原积雪时空分布及变化特征,并探讨其水文与气候效应。结果表明:(1)青藏高原积雪主要分布在山区,其中唐古拉山和念青唐古拉山积雪最丰富,多年平均积雪日数在120天以上,年平均雪深超过10 cm;高原腹地平坦地区及柴达木盆地积雪属于瞬时积雪,多年平均积雪日数小于15天,年平均雪深小于1 cm。(2)1980—2018年,青藏高原积雪呈下降趋势,尤其在2000年以后,积雪覆盖日数和雪深明显下降。(3)高原内积雪较多的山脉地区可以产生较大的积雪辐射强迫,最大可超过15 W m~(-2),其反照率反馈机制对气候系统的影响至关重要。(4)青藏高原是多条大江大河的发源地,积雪融水是春季土壤水分和河川径流的重要补给。(5)受天气过程产生的雪灾频次有所增强,建立早期预警和防护措施是减少牧区雪灾损失的重要手段。     

A Canonical Correlation Analysis ofBehavior Problems and School Achievementfor Different Grades,Sexes, and Races

Abstract

Using education survey data from 6,883 Grade 6 students in 148 schools and from 6,868 Grade 8 students in 92 schools in New Brunswick, Canada, the author applied student and school characteristics to explain differences among students and schools regarding students' sense of belonging to school. Results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that in Grades 6 and 8, discrepancies in students' sense of belonging were mainly within schools, rather than between schools. At the student level, sense of belonging in both grades was affected more by students' mental and physical conditions and less by their individual and family characteristics. Students' self-esteem was the single most important predictor of their sense of belonging, followed by their health status. At the school level, school climate (academic press or expectation in Grade 6 and disciplinary climate in Grade 8) was more important than school context in shaping students' sense of belonging.     

Assessment of subjective resilience: cross-cultural validity and educational implications / Evaluación de la resiliencia subjetiva: validez transcultural e implicaciones educativas del ‘Cuestionario de Resiliencia Subjetiva’ (SRQ)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to obtain evidence about the cross-cultural validity of the ‘Subjective Resilience Questionnaire’ (SRQ), comparing French and Spanish Secondary and High School students’ results. A total of 750 French students formed the sample. To validate the SRQ, confirmatory factor analyses, reliability and correlation and regression analyses were made. The validation process included the analysis of the generalizability of factor structure, and of relationships of resilience scores with different kinds of protective and vulnerability factors — success expectancies and learning-oriented classroom motivational climate (CMC). French results were similar to Spanish results, underlying the importance of considering variations in resilience as a function of the kinds of adversity experienced. Nevertheless, some differences between French and Spanish students were found in the degree they recognize to act in a resilient way in some of the situations covered by SRQ, differences whose theoretical and practical implications for education are discussed.     

“一带一路”共建国家应对气候变化国际合作经验借鉴及启示

“一带一路”共建国家资源禀赋各异、气候多样,在经济发展的同时走低碳可持续发展之路,是高质量建设绿色丝绸之路的客观需要,也是全球应对气候变化的关键所在。中国与“一带一路”共建国家已在低碳基础设施、清洁能源、气候灾害预警预报、低碳技术、气候金融等重点发展领域以共赢模式开展深入合作。文章通过借鉴发达国家气候国际合作有益经验,探讨“一带一路”共建国家减缓和适应气候变化的国际合作新路径,提出中国与“一带一路”共建国家开展应对气候变化合作的战略和对策,推动全球气候治理体系完善。     

应对气候变化行动的协同关系及研究视角探析

减缓和适应气候变化行动具有交互关系,发现和挖掘具有协同关系的行动有利于低成本应对气候变化。在对国内外相关研究进行文献梳理后发现,减缓和适应行动存在协同关系且具有成本效益优势,主要发生在区域和部门层面,但由于适应气候变化研究较为滞后,减缓和适应行动协同关系研究面临样本不足、研究工具有待开拓等问题,研究边界也有待确定。能源系统受气候变化的双重影响,减缓和适应行动之间存在大量自发的协同效应和竞争关系,具备进一步挖掘协同关系的条件。建议从能源系统入手,增加能源系统的气象灾害风险评估工作,为协同关系研究补充适应行动样本;借助其他学科研究方法对减缓和适应行动的协同关系进行定量研究,开拓适宜的定量分析工具;通过辨识能源系统中具有协同关系的应对气候变化行动,为其他部门和地区的相关研究和实践提供参考和借鉴。     

IT管理气候和知识应用过程对IOS吸收的研究

 信息系统的成功使用已成为提高企业绩效的关键要素,如何提升跨组织信息系统(IOS)在企业内外使用程度为企业带来价值已成为亟需解决的重要问题。文章基于IT管理气候的构念、企业知识理论和信息技术吸收理论,对IOS在成员企业内采纳后吸收阶段的影响因素进行了研究,构建了组织IT管理气候和组织知识应用过程对IOS吸收的理论模型。运用偏最小二乘（PLS）结构方程模型方法检验了模型的路径和假设。结果表明IT管理气候和知识应用过程对IOS吸收具有显著的正向影响,并且知识应用过程在组织IT管理气候对IOS吸收影响中起完全中介的作用。研究结论将丰富信息系统采纳吸收理论,对实施企业有效地吸收IOS具有指导作用。