Synergetic Interaction of HLA-DRB1*07 Allele and TNF-Alpha − 863 C/A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease which is characterized by dysregulation of various cytokines propagating the inflammatory processes that is responsible for tissue damage. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the most important immunoregulatory cytokines that has been implicated in the different autoimmune diseases including SLE. Two hundred and two patients with SLE and 318 controls were included in the study. The TNF-α gene promoter region (from − 250 to − 1000 base pairs) was analyzed by direct Sanger’s DNA sequencing method to find promoter variants associated with South Indian SLE patients. We have analyzed six TNF-α genetic polymorphisms including, − 863C/A (rs1800630), − 857C/T (rs1799724), − 806C/T (rs4248158), − 646G/A (rs4248160), − 572A/C (rs4248161) and − 308G/A (rs1800629) in both SLE patients and controls. We did not find association of TNF-α gene promoter SNPs with SLE patients. However, the − 863A (rs1800630) allele showed association with lupus nephritis phenotype in patients with SLE (OR: 1.62, 95%CI 1.04–2.53, P = 0.034). We found serum TNF-α level was significantly elevated in SLE cases as compared to control and found no association with any of the polymorphisms. The haplotype analysis revealed a significant protective association between the wild TNF-α alleles at positions − 863C, − 857C, − 806C, − 646G, − 572A and − 308G (CCCGAG) haplotype with lupus nephritis phenotype (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.82, P = 0.004). Additionally, the TNF-α − 863 C/A (rs1800630) polymorphism and HLA-DRB1*07 haplotype showed significant differences between SLE patients and controls (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.73–13.29, P = 0.0009). In conclusion, TNF-α − 863A allele (rs1800630) polymorphism is associated with increased risk of nephritis in South Indian SLE patients. We also found an interaction between HLA-DRB1*07 allele with TNF-α − 863 C/A promoter polymorphism giving supportive evidence for the tight linkage disequilibrium between TNF-α promoter SNPs and MHC class II DRB1 alleles.     

姜黄素对胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪细胞因子的影响

目的:观察姜黄素对胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠糖脂代谢及血清脂肪细胞因子的影响,探讨姜黄素干预IR的作用机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养,建立IR大鼠模型。将IR大鼠随机分为3组:模型组、吡咯列酮组和姜黄素组。给药4周后测定空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂、TN F-α、Leptin等指标。结果:模型组大鼠血清FIN S、TC、TG和LDL水平均较空白组显著升高,而ISI及HDL水平显著下降;血清TN F-α、Leptin及FFA水平也较空白组明显升高;用姜黄素干预后,大鼠ISI较模型组显著升高,血脂得到改善,FINS、TNF-α、Leptin及FFA水平均显著下降。结论:姜黄素可改善IR大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,增加胰岛素的敏感性,其机制可能与其调节脂肪细胞因子TNF-α、Leptin的分泌有关。     

Is there a role of TNFR1 in acute lung injury cases associated with extracorporeal circulation?

The signaling pathway for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptors is up-regulated during extracorporeal circulation (ECC), and recruits blood neutrophil into the lung tissue, which results in acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we evaluated the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in ECC-induced ALI by blocking TNF-α binding to TNFR1 with CAY10500. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated intravenously with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or vehicle (0.3 ml ethanol IV) or CAY10500, and then underwent ECC for 2 h. The oxygenation index (OI) and pulmonary inflammation were assessed after ECC. OI was significantly decreased, while TNF-α and neutrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma TNF-α increased after ECC. Pretreatment of CAY10500 decreased plasma TNF-α level, but did not decrease TNF-α levels and neutrophil counts in BALF or improve OI. Lung histopathology showed significant alveolar congestion, infiltration of the leukocytes in the airspace, and increased thickness of the alveolar wall in all ECC-treated groups. CAY10500 pretreatment slightly reduced leukocyte infiltration in lungs, but did not change the wet/dry ratio in the lung tissue. Blocking TNF-α binding to TNFR1 by CAY10500 intravenously slightly mitigates pulmonary inflammation, but cannot improve the pulmonary function, indicating the limited role of TNFR1 pathway in circulating inflammatory cell in ECC-induced ALI.     

细胞凋亡、坏死、自噬的检测方法与技术

目前普遍认为细胞的死亡途径有细胞凋亡、细胞坏死及自噬3种,其中细胞凋亡一直是医学界为治疗癌症而不懈努力研究的方向,而自噬是近几年研究的热点.现对这3种死亡方式及其各自的检测方法作一简要概述.     

转基因鱼腥藻7120流加培养的研究

流加培养对转TNF—α基因鱼腥藻7120的生长有利.单独流加碳源对转基因鱼腥藻7120生长与外源基因表达影响很小,单独流加氮源和同时流加碳氮源可明显促进生长,生物量达到2.964g/L和3.059g/L,分别增长9.91％和12.71％,而且能轻微促进藻细胞中的TNF表达.     

日本对虾中肠腺坏死杆状病毒病的组织细胞病理研究

对广东省湛江市一个养殖场养成期日本对虾和一个育苗场育苗期仔虾进行组织病理和电镜检测，在其肝胰腺上皮细胞核中发现中胸腺坏死杆状病毒，在宿生细胞核中不形成包涵体，呈游离状，成熟病毒粒子大小322um×73um，所致宿主细胞核肿大，染色质边移减少，细胞坏死解体．     

Protective role of N-acetylcysteine against alcohol and paracetamol induced toxicity

The effect of administration of N-acetylcysteine on ethanol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was studied both biochemically and histopathologically in experimental rats. The liver samples taken after twentyfour hours from the paracetamol administered normal and alcoholic animals showed high degree of necrosis and related pathological changes. In the N-acetylcysteine treated alcoholic rats and in the N-acetylcysteine pretreated paracetamol administered rats, the liver cells showed very little change and appeared almost normal as evidenced by the histopathological studies. The activities of serum transaminases and phosphatases were also high both in the alcohol treated and in the paracetamol administered animals. N-acetylcysteine treated animals partly restored the serum transaminase and phosphatase activities, and the activities of the antiperoxidative enzymes. There was also significant change in the serum and tissue lipid levels, and in the concentration of the tissue lipid peroxidation product-malondialdehyde in both the alcohol treated and in the paracetamol administered groups. N-acetylcysteine treatment brought the serum and tissue lipid levels, and the tissue malondialdehyde content towards normal.     

Effect of nicorandil and amlodipine on bio-chemical parameters during isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats

Objective  To investigate the protective effect of nicorandil and amlodipine in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Methods  The effect of nicorandil and amlodipine on bio-chemical parameters during isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats was examined by determining the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and transaminases (AST, ALT) in the serum of the animals. Results  Isoproterenol (150mg/kg/day) administered rats showed statistically significant rise in activities of LDH(1.02±0.19 to 1.85±0.05), CK(4.3±0.19 to 7.37±.27), AST(0.38±.03 to 0.78±.05) and ALT(0.19±.017 to 0.346±.027) in the serum. Pre-co-treatment of rats with nicorandil and amlodipine significantly lowered the raised levels of these enzymes and thereby restoring the enzyme activity to near normal as was clear from the chart i.e. LDH was 1.10±0.04, CK was 4.37±0.19, AST and ALT were 0.39±0.028 and 0.199±0.04 respectively. Conclusion  It is demonstrated that pre-co-treatment with nicorandil and amlodipine either alone or in combination help in providing protective effect on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis.     

Improving micropropagation of some grape cultivars via boron,calcium and phosphate

BackgroundAn efficient regeneration protocol is a priority for the successful application of plant biotechnology. Grape nodal explants were used to develop a micropropagation protocol for Thompson Seedless and Taify cvs. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with Kinetin or benzylaminopurine (BA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA).ResultsFor both cultivars, axillary buds were grown, only, on a medium enriched with kinetin, moreover, shoot tip necrosis and callus formation were observed on Thompson Seedless cv. cultures grown on a medium with BA. Supplementing the growth medium with 100 mM (boron) B and 2.5 mM (calcium) Ca successfully help overcome these phenomena. The highest regenerated shoot numbers (14 and 6.2 explant⁻¹) for Taify and Thompson Seedless cvs., respectively, were on media supplemented with 13.2 µM BA + 4.9 µM IBA and BA 13.2 µM + 5.8 µM IBA, respectively. Moreover, these media supported the developing shoots to have the heaviest dry weights (1.46 and 0.72 mg explant⁻¹) for Taify and Thompson Seedless cvs., respectively. Thompson Seedless cv. regenerated shoot numbers and their dry weights were significantly increased by increasing the MS medium PO₄⁻ concentration. However, these two parameters were significantly decreased for Taify cv. Developing shoots were elongated and rooted on MS medium enriched with 4.9 µM, IBA 100 mM B and 2.5 mM Ca. Plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the greenhouse conditions.ConclusionsA novel promising protocol for Thomson Seedless and Taify cvs. micropropagation using single nodes has been developed.How to cite: Al-Aizari AA, Al-Obeed RS, Mohamed MA-H. Improving micropropagation of some grape cultivars via boron, calcium and phosphate. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.10.001     

慢性肺心病患者血清TNF-α及IL-8改变及意义

探讨了慢性肺心病（ＣＰＨＤ）急性加重期及经治疗缓解后血清白细胞介素－８（ＩＬ－８）和肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）水平的变化．用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了３０例ＣＰＨＤ患者急性加重期及治疗缓解后血清ＩＬ－８和ＴＮＦ－α,并与相应年龄的健康对照组比较．结果发现ＣＰＨＤ患者急性加重期血清ＩＬ－８及ＴＮＦ－α水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且治疗缓解后血清ＴＮＦ－α水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而血清ＩＬ－８水平则基本不变（Ｐ＞０．０５）．说明ＩＬ－８、ＴＮＦ－α参与了ＣＰＨＤ的发生和发展,这为探求治疗新途径提供了依据．