我国环保投资对环保产业发展的影响研究——基于全国和区域样本数据的经验分析

运用直接效应、间接效应模型、岭回归以及面板数据回归等方法从全国和区域的视角研究了1991～2010年全国与区域范围内环保投资对环保产业的影响,结果发现:不同条件下,环保投资会对环保产业总产值产生不同程度的调节作用,调节程度的强弱主要取决于引入变量与环保产业总产值之间的相关性;从区域范围看,东部地区环保投资对环保产业的影响作用较强,中部次之,西部最弱,投资效率与投资结构的作用没有充分发挥。因此,要不断提升投资效率,优化投资结构,平衡区域发展,发挥环保投资的实际效力,推动环保产业健康发展。     

浅析高等学校科研投入与产出

高校作为国家创新体系中基础研究和高科技领域原始创新的主力军肩负着人才培养、知识创新以及技术创新的重任。通过对高校科研投入（人员、经费）产出（论文、专利）效率的现状与质量进行分析,针对提升我国高校科研效率和自主创新能力提出建议。     

供应商参与对新产品开发效率的影响:以知识获取为中介

本文密切结合新产品开发情境,细分了新产品开发需要获取的三类知识,探讨了供应商参与对获取新产品开发所需要三类知识的影响,进而影响新产品开发效率的机理。以广东省158家企业为研究对象,应用结构方程方法实证了研究假设。结果表明,供应商参与对获取新产品开发所需的三类知识具有显著的正向影响,但是对新产品开发效率没有显著的直接影响;获取新产品开发所需的三类知识对新产品开发效率有显著的正向影响。揭示了知识获取是供应商参与影响新产品开发效率的中介变量。     

西方公共行政理论中效率与民主的博弈

以效率与民主的博弈为主线,西方公共行政理论走过了传统公共行政、新公共行政、新公共管理和新公共服务四个阶段.效率与民主在其中此消彼长,交替占据主流价值地位,说明效率与民主的价值在公共行政中实际上是缺一不可的,公共行政研究应当努力寻求二者的融合与相互促进.     

船舶烟气海水脱硫的模拟和设计

为研究船舶烟气海水脱硫过程中各个参数(烟气温度、SO2分压强、CO2分压强、海水温度、液气比、海水碱度)对脱硫效率和脱硫后海水pH值的影响,运用Aspen Plus V7.2对脱硫过程进行模拟.模拟结果表明:烟气温度和CO2分压强对脱硫效率和脱硫后饱和海水的pH值影响较小;SO2分压强、液气比、海水温度和碱度对脱硫效率和脱硫后饱和海水的pH值影响较大;随着SO2分压强的降低和海水碱度的增加,脱硫效率和脱硫后饱和海水的pH值都增加;随着海水温度的降低和液气比的增加,脱硫效率增加,但脱硫后饱和海水的pH值先减小再增加;脱硫后海水的pH值一般在2.6 ～3.0之间.对脱硫后海水的实验研究表明,实验结果与模拟结果较吻合.     

Physiological efficiency of constant power output at varying pedal rates

Abstract

The study investigated the absolute and relative (% maximal) physiological demands of constant power output at three pedal rates chosen to incorporate the range used by racing cyclists. Following the assessment of maximal exercise capabilities utilizing a recently developed racing cycle ergometry system, ten highly trained racing cyclists undertook a randomized sequence of work bouts at low (70.0 ± 1.1), medium (94.8 ± 0.8) and high (126.5 ± 1.1) pedal rates per minute at constant power output under an unloaded (free wheel) condition and under a loaded (196.2 ± 8.0 W) condition which demanded approximately 75% VO₂ max. In both the unloaded and loaded conditions absolute cardiorespiratory demands of work at the highest pedal rate were significantly higher than those at the low and medium pedal rates (P<0.05). Similarly, the relative (% max) cardiorespiratory demands of unloaded work at the highest pedalling rate were significantly greater that at low and medium pedal rates (P < 0.05). There were clear, but nonsignificant trends of elevated relative cardiorespiratory demands during loaded work at the highest pedal rate, compared with low and medium pedal rates. Furthermore, net muscular efficiency demonstrated a significant decline (P<0.01) at the highest pedalling rate (21.2%) compared with the medium (24.0%) and low (25.6%) pedalling rates, confirming that metabolic economy of constant power output declined with increased pedalling rate under simulated racing cycling conditions.     

Exercise training increases the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults: A randomised controlled trial. The FIT-AGEING study

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on the soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 middle-aged adults (53.4 ± 5.0 years old; 52.7% women) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. We conducted a 12-week randomised controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 different groups: (i) a control group (no exercise), (ii) a physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR), (iii) a high intensity interval training group (HIIT), and (iv) a high intensity interval training group adding whole-body electromyostimulation training group (HIIT-EMS). S-Klotho plasma levels, anthropometric measurements, and body composition variables were measured before and after the intervention programme. All exercise training modalities induced an increase in the S-Klotho plasma levels (all P ≤ 0.019) without statistical differences between them (all P ≥ 0.696). We found a positive association between changes in lean mass index and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels, whereas a negative association was reported between changes in fat mass outcomes and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels after our intervention study. In conclusion, our results suggest that the link between exercise training and the increase in S-Klotho plasma levels could be mediated by a decrease of fat mass and an increase of lean mass.     

Urban Minority Ninth-Grade Students' Health-Related Fitness Knowledge

The purpose of the study was to examine Hispanic and other minority ninth-grade students' health-related fitness (HRF) knowledge, using FitSmart, a standardized test for high school students. The test consisted of 50 weighted multiple choice items, measuring six subcontent components. Means and standard deviations of the overall scores and the subcontent scores were computed. The findings suggested that students demonstrated mastery of one subcontent component but failed to meet passing values for all other subcontents and overall HRF knowledge. Female students outscored their male counterparts, but there was no difference for ethnicity. More efforts are needed to ensure that Hispanic and other minority high school students master fundamental HRF knowledge.     

Changes in locomotive rates during senior elite rugby league matches

Abstract

The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in locomotive rates across the duration of senior elite rugby league matches. A semi-automated image recognition system (ProZone 3, ProZone®, Leeds, England) was used to track the movements of 59 players from six teams during three competitive matches. The players were classified into one of four positional groups: props (n = 9), back row (n = 9), pivots (n = 14) or outside backs (n = 27). Players' movements were classified as low, high or very high intensity running and reported as locomotive rates (distance covered per minute played) for successive quarters of each match. Analysis of variance revealed that only the outside backs showed a significantly lower overall locomotive rate during the final quarter compared to the first (P < 0.05). However, locomotive rates for high and very high intensity running during the final quarter were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the first quarter among outside backs, pivots and props despite no change in the rate of involvements in contact. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that high and very high intensity running locomotive rates may be more affective methods of detecting fatigue during competitive matches than overall locomotive rate.     

高中体育课动态分层选项教学的有效性与可行性分析

运用文献、问卷调查、专家访谈、教学实践等方法从理论依据、学科特点、教学效果等方面分析论证了实施动态分层选项教学的有效性与可行性。并提出了教学方法、层次划分、课程考核等高中体育课动态分层次教学模式构建的方案及实施策略。