论法官的非犯罪化裁量权

根据现行法律规定,法官有权超越法定情节减轻或免除刑罚,但是,对符合犯罪条件的行为,无论情节轻重,宣告有罪是法官唯一的选择。非犯罪化是宽严相济刑事政策的宽之极点,亦应是法官裁量的重要内容。在司法中的非犯罪化需要人民法院与人民检察院形成合力,审判权的能动性决定了法官应当拥有非犯罪化裁量权,对无须定罪的被告人不作有罪宣告。我国可以借鉴意大利暂缓判决制度,在允许法官确定有罪行为的同时审查定罪必要性,将审判阶段作为非犯罪化裁量的"最终阵地"。     

Collaborative design decision-making as social process

ABSTRACT

Collaborative design is recognised as being shaped by complex social, cognitive, material, and technical processes. In the case of design decision-making, however, the social dimension has yet to be fully understood as the product of the whole team dynamic rather than as simply the sum of the individual (cognitive) contributions. This paper examines the interactional work teams of first-time design students do that produces decisions in undergraduate engineering design projects. Close analysis of decision-making episodes, recorded in design meetings in a yearlong ethnographic study, reveals the joint social and situated work teams do to produce decisions. Students were found to do decision-making via three overlapping phases that were invariant across the database: (i) Design options emerge, (ii) teams orient to design options, and (iii) design decisions come off. This paper exemplifies these phases of decision-making as inherently – and not just incidentally – social, and illustrates how decisions are produced in novice design teams via these phases in multifarious ways. We argue for an explicit retrospective focus on the processes and consequences of team decisions following projects as an avenue for fostering the development of design judgment that engineering graduates will take into their professional practice.     

略论激励方法在企业中的运用

本文从人的需要产生行为的动力这一理论出发，将企业员工分为三个不同层次。根据各层次的一般状况分析了他们的主要需求，提出激励的方向和重点，再将员工从业的一生分为四个时期，提出不同时期的主要需求及激励方法，并以实际事例加以说明。     

以人为本,以文为道——《管理心理学》原理在学生工作中的运用

本文通过《管理心理学》中人为学理论和激励理论在学生工作中的运用,提升学生工作理念,提高学生工作实效,从而走出一条“以人以本,以文为道”的新途径。     

可持续发展观与生存观念的转变

作为人类生活中的一项具有实质内容与深远意义的变革,可持续发展观不仅是人类社会运作模式的自主性的和整体性的变革,而且必然还包含着并要求具体体现为人类社会诸主体的生存观念的重大变革,这就是从那种根深蒂固的动物性的、重占有的、片面的生存观念（“生存1”）提升到注重生存意义与生命质量,强调人、社会、自然全面协调发展因而具有自我反思、约束及调节机制与效应的属人的 生存观念（“生存2”）。传统的唯经济发展观之所以只能从“生存1”法理解人的生存,在于其人的假设是“经济人”与“动物人”,而可持续发展之对应于“生存2”,就在于相应的人的假设是“全面发展的人”,也只有从“全面发展的人”所蕴含的“生态人”去理解,“生存1”才能得到积极的和建设性的理解。所谓“一要生存、二要发展”中的“生存”也需要从“生存2”去理解,发展只是实现生存的手段,“生存2”才是发展的目的。在全球化背景下,中华民族的可持续发展与振兴道路所指向的目标绝不只是“生存1”,而是“生存2”。     

Human cytomegalovirus induces alteration of β-actin mRNA and microfilaments in human embryo fibroblast cells

Objective: To investigate the infection of human embryo fibroblast cell line HF cells by CMV as well as the effects of CMV on β-actin mRNA and microfilaments. Methods: HF cells shape was observed after the infection of CMV. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the mRNA expression of CMV immediate early (IE) gene, β-actin and GAPDH genes of HF cells infected by CMV. CMV particles and cell microfilaments were detected with electron microscope. Results: Shape of HF cell changed after the infection by CMV. HF cells infected by CMV could express IE mRNA and the expression of β-actin mRNA decreased in a time-and titer-dependent manner compared with the uninfected HF cells whose expression of GAPDH mRNA did not change much. CMV particles were found with electron microscope in the cells. Microfilaments were ruptured and shortened after the infection of CMV. Conclusion: CMV can not only infect human embryo fibroblast cells line HF cells and replicate in the cells, but can also affect the expression of β-actin mRNA and the microfilaments. Project (No. 001103058) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China     

略论篮球专修班学生裁判能力的培养

篮球裁判员作为篮球工作的重要部分,其裁判能力对篮球比赛的顺利进行和推动篮球运动的发晨方向起重要作用.根据现代篮球运动的特点和发展趋势,论述专修班学生成为一名合格的裁判员的裁判能力,并探讨成为一名合格的篮球裁判员途径.     

政府道德责任与政治文明建设

现代政治文明的实现关键在于建设责任政府。政府责任的根本在于其道德责任。强化政府道德责任有助于深化理解政治文明理论，从根本上防腐倡廉。针对政治活动的特点，从以下四方面提出促进政治文明的一些伦理理念与具体措施。政府道德责任是政治文明理论核心的基石；行政活动中的自由裁量权需要政府的道德责任关怀；政府的道德责任是政治活动中灰色地带的净化器；政府道德责任是反腐倡廉的根本武器。政府道德责任对于政治文明建设意义重大。     

对“许霆案”重审判决的法律思考

2008年3月31日,广州市中级人民法院对“许霆案”进行了重新审理,最后判决被告人许霆犯盗窃罪。法院认定许霆的行为构成盗窃罪是不合理的,应当判决许霆无罪。“许霆案”的发生带来了新的法律问题,我国立法应当尽快加以完善,以适应科学技术的发展。     

论"解蔽"意义上的"明于天人之分"

荀子的"明于天人之分",旨在彰显天、人之间的界际."解蔽"是"明于天人之分"的必然法则和理路,通过解天人关系之"蔽",所指向的则是"知天"和"敬已".但,由"解蔽"而"分",也内涵着"天功"和"人治"的沟通,故而成就和完善人治之功及天道相对于人的意义.