不同抗阻训练方案对T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡的影响*

研究旨在探讨一次不同抗阻训练方案对外周血CD4＋和CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡的影响。通过实验法15名无训练经历的健康青年男性分别进行一次以促进肌肉肥大（H-RT组,方案：70%1RM,10RM,3组,组间间歇1.5 min）和以改善肌肉耐力（E-RT组,方案：60%1RM,15RM,3组,组间间歇1 min）为目的的抗阻训练方案。并于训练前、训练后即刻、训练后2 h和24 h利用流式细胞仪测定表面标志物CX3CR1和annexin V表达量检测CD4＋、CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡（用阳性表达率表示）。得出以下数据：（1）CD4＋T细胞在H-RT组运动后即刻和运动后24 h,annexin V和CX3CR1阳性表达率显著性升高（P<0.05）。E-RT组annexin V阳性表达率在运动后即刻降低（P<0.05）,24 h显著性升高（P<0.05）;CX3CR1阳性表达率仅在运动后即刻升高（P<0.05）。（2）CD8＋T细胞在H-RT组和E-RT组运动后即刻和运动后24 h,annexin V和CX3CR1阳性表达率均显著性升高（P<0.05）。通过对以上数据的分析,研究得出以下结论：CD4＋T淋巴细胞亚群对于急性抗阻训练的免疫反应存在运动方案依赖性。     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.     

空气质量响应曲面模型在杭州市的应用

基于CMAQ模拟结果,统计、归纳出各种污染物排放控制因子与污染物浓度之间的函数关系,建立空气质量响应曲面模型RSM,通过留一法交叉验证和外部验证对模型进行可靠性验证。使用RSM,研究不同污染物的PM_2.5响应值,评估现有政策不变（Ⅰ）和政策收紧（Ⅱ）两种减排情景,发现NO_X、SO₂、NH₃和VOC对PM_2.5浓度体现明显的非线性响应特征,情景Ⅱ的减排效果明显好于情景Ⅰ,夏季的减排效果好于冬季。     

离心运动适应机制—肌节重塑与炎症反应关系的研究进展

目的:研究延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)与炎症反引发的关系.方法:文献综述法.内容:运动员训练过程中,不习惯的离心运动均导致延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS).普遍认为离心运动导致的损伤和炎症反应诱发了DOMS.然而,近来的研究不支持此假说,DOMS起因的观点受到质疑.通过离心运动性肌节重塑过程,及整合钙离子依赖性蛋白水解酶作用的相关文章进行综述研究,证实离心运动导致骨骼肌损伤和炎症反应.结论:肌节重塑过程为我们科学训练提供了新思路.     

Validity Issues in Test Speededness

Speededness refers to the situation where the time limits on a standardized test do not allow substantial numbers of examinees to fully consider all test items. When tests are not intended to measure speed of responding, speededness introduces a severe threat to the validity of interpretations based on test scores. In this article, we describe test speededness, its potential threats to validity, and traditional and modern methods that can be used to assess the presence of speededness. We argue that more attention must be paid to this issue and that more research must be done to set appropriate time limits on power tests so that speed of responding does not interfere with the construct measured.     

农村水利设施的善治逻辑与制度回应

农村水利设施的治理应契合农村公共物品的善治逻辑,即以农村水利设施所具有的公共物品属性为逻辑起点,以社会公共利益最大化为价值旨归,以实现民主协商为本质要求。针对农村水利设施目前存在的现实困境,亟需构建“上下结合”的多中心治理模式,建立多层次多渠道筹资机制,明晰产权规范,创新监管制度,采用水联网,完善评估与考核制度等作为制度回应。     

环境群体性事件的应急响应协同研究

引入环境群体性事件应急响应协同理论模型。以"厦门PX项目事件"为例,从权力、合法性与紧急性3个维度和7组利益相关者(包括单重属性的潜在型、随意型、苛求型,双重属性的支配型、依赖型、危险型,以及三重属性的决定型)的角度,对该理论进行实证分析,并从运作和政策层面对各利益相关者所处地位、行为模式进行探讨,以动态视角分析利益相关者的演变态势及其可能性。     

地理信息系统专业遥感课程建设中的教学与科研互动关系探析

教学是立校之本,科研是强校之路,教学中有研究,在研究中教学。本文在分析地理信息系统专业遥感课程教学现状与人才培养矛盾的基础上,提出了新疆大学遥感专业教师应结合学校自身实际及教学内容,树立科研育人的理念,深化课程教学改革;通过教学、科研、学生能力培养以及成果产业化四互动,为提高遥感课程教学质量,培养实践创新型遥感人才的教学改革提供新思路,以使学生在多种育人方式和科研环境中得到全面发展。     

Modeling Growth in Electronic Learning Environments Using a Longitudinal Random Item Response Model

In educational environments, monitoring persons' progress over time may help teachers to evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching procedures. Electronic learning environments are increasingly being used as part of formal education and resulting datasets can be used to understand and to improve the environment. This study presents longitudinal models based on the item response theory (IRT) for measuring persons' ability within and between study sessions in data from web-based learning environments. Two empirical examples are used to illustrate the presented models. Results show that by incorporating time spent within- and between-study sessions into an IRT model; one is able to track changes in ability of a population of persons or for groups of persons at any time of the learning process.