浅谈合唱训练中的呼吸

在合唱蓬勃发展的今天,尽管合唱训练手段千变万化,但有一个目的是不变的,那就是“调教”出和谐动听的声音,然而没有科学有效的呼吸,就不可能达到这一目的。本文结合笔者在合唱训练中的点滴经验。就呼吸训练这一课题,提出个人观点,希望能够引起更多的合唱爱好者的重视,并参与讨论这一课题。     

浅析黑盒测试与白盒测试

黑盒测试和白盒测试都是软件测试的重要方法,黑盒测试的测试人员更偏重于业务方向,白盒测试的测试人员更偏重于实现方式;黑盒测试更注重整体,白盒测试更注重局部;它们是相辅相成的.     

Identifying and Nurturing Gifted Children in Israel

The article describes Israel’s approach to the education of gifted and talented children. It describes the programs for gifted and talented children in Israel and the process for selecting students for these programs. The method of selecting students for programs is consistent with the Ministry of Education’s definition of giftedness, the goals of the giftedness programs, and the characteristics of these programs. The selection method is affected by the standards required of the instruments as well as other constraints, such as the constraints on funding for this purpose.The author of this article is the director of the Szold Institute program for identifying gifted children. The project is funded by the Israeli Ministry of Education     

浅谈歌唱的呼吸

“歌唱是呼吸的艺术”,正确的呼吸方法是声乐学习取得成效的关键。歌唱中出现的种种问题,如声音虚、吊、挤、卡,旋律流畅性差等等问题,往往十之八九是因为缺乏气息支持,不会运用科学的歌唱呼吸方法昕致。基于此,对于声乐学习者或歌唱爱好者来说,了解和掌握正确的歌唱呼吸方法是非常重要的。     

Investigating gender differences in mathematics by performance levels in the Italian school system

Amongst the extensive research conducted about girls’ lack of interest in STEM subjects, an issue that is frequently examined is the learning of mathematics. This research investigates the gender gap in mathematics among Italian students based on performance levels, using standardised large-scale data from INVALSI tests. We performed a quantile regression to better understand the differences along the entire score distribution. A latent class model was then estimated to identify groups of students with similar performance levels, taking into account the gender covariate. The results indicate that boys are already ahead from primary education and that there is a general decrease in the performance as students progress through the education stages.     

Hydrogen sulfide from a NaHS source attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB

This study investigated the alleviating effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), derived from sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), on inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that NaHS injection markedly decreased rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and histological injury in DSS-challenged mice. NaHS (20 µmol/L) reversed DSS-induced inhibition in cell viability in Caco-2 cells and alleviated pro-inflammation cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro, indicating an anti-inflammatory function for H₂S. It was also found that H₂S may regulate cytokine expression by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that H₂S alleviated DSS-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro and that the signal mechanism might be associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway.     

例说语文考试的大趋势

在分析研究近年大量语文试题的基础上归纳出语文考试的大致趋势；主观性试题的比重越来越大，客观性试题大大减少；开放性试题逐渐增加，重视考查学生的思维能力，尤其是创造性思维能力，提倡探究，鼓励创造；课内外结合，重视语言积累和文化积累；注重考查综合知识和综合能力，注重学科之间的综合；注意从情感态度与价值观、过程与方法、知识和能力三个维度设计考试题，试卷日益体现对学生的人文关怀；听说读写全面考查；作文测试紧扣时代脉搏，直面现实生活，力求引导学生关注现实人生，写出真情实感；立足生活实际，关注社会热点，强调学以致用；试题设计越来越新颖，考试方式呈现多样化。     

测试的负面反拨作用对英语教学的影响

语言测试的反拨作用是应用语言学较新的研究领域，笔者就测试中的显性与隐性负面反拨作用对英语教学的影响作了分析，并提出了减少负面反拨作用的一些措施。     

Policies of global English tests: test-takers’ perspectives on the IELTS retake policy

Globalized English proficiency tests such as the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are increasingly playing the role of gatekeepers in a globalizing world. Although the use of the IELTS as a ‘policy tool’ for making decisions in the areas of study, work and migration impacts on test-takers' lives and life chances, not much is known about its own policy and policy logic. With the growing call for listening to test-takers' voices, specific policy aspects of the test have recently been scrutinized. This article seeks to contribute to this area by drawing on test-takers' perspectives on the IELTS retake policy and developing an understanding of how policies of global English tests are perceived, interpreted and given new meanings by its key stakeholders. Although the truth-value of the emic views of test-takers may be debated, their experiences and perceptions problematize the reliability claims of the testing agency by locating commercial motives at the center of their policy and thereby raising theoretical, professional and ethical questions.     

Juridification of examination systems: extending state level authority over teacher assessments through regrading of national tests

Since 2009, the Swedish Government uses an ‘audit’ agency – the Swedish Schools Inspectorate – to monitor and assess the accuracy with which teachers grade student responses on national tests. This study explores the introduction and subsequent establishment of the Inspectorate’s regrading programme as an example of political management of the tensions between competition and equity inherent in neoliberal regulatory regimes. The programme is considered a case for examining contemporary policies and discourses on fairness and government actions undertaken to resolve issues of unfair assessment and safeguard students’ rights. Work of Carol Bacchi forms part of the theoretical background for the investigation of problem representations around and within the programme. The article demonstrates how discursive practices in the fields of government, audit and media have worked to frame teachers’ assessments as incorrect, unfair and as jeopardizing the credibility of the grading system, thus justifying increased central control and authority over teacher assessments. As such, the regrading programme contributed to increased mistrust in teacher professionalism. A legal discourse is identified, and we argue the examination system is being juridified where the abundance of control over knowledge risks turning into a deficit of that same knowledge.