沥青路面除冰雪技术研究(英文)

为降低路面和冰雪之间的黏结力,用有机硅憎水材料作为道路表面涂层.有机硅憎水涂层技术的除冰效果用接触角实验和剪切实验来表征,其耐久性用加速加载磨耗实验来评价,而其抗滑性能则用摆式摩擦法和铺砂法来评价.接触角实验结果表明,有机硅憎水涂层材料与水的接触角为100.2°,具有很好的憎水性能.其次,通过剪切实验可以得出:在涂有有机硅憎水材料的情况下,冰层与试件表面的最大剪切应力仅为0.06 MPa,低于没有进行表面涂层处理的最大剪切力3.5 MPa;剪切之后,冰层能够很完整地从试件表面脱落.加速加载磨耗实验表明,在经过一定时间的磨耗之后,残留在沥青路面构造深度里的有机硅涂层材料仍然具有除冰雪的效果.表面涂层后的道路表面的BPN值和构造深度值均有所降低,但是其仍然远远大于规范的要求,确保了安全性.研究表明,沥青道路表面涂层技术能有效地降低沥青路面与冰层的黏结,从而解决冬季道路结冰影响行车安全的问题.     

基于反向萤火虫算法的多阈值缺陷图像分割(英文)

为了分割QFN表面的缺陷,提出一种基于反向萤火虫算法的大津多阈值分割法.首先,将大津阈值分割扩展为大津多阈值分割.其次,提出了一种基于反向学习的萤火虫算法.在该算法中,生成的反向萤火虫用于增加萤火虫的多样性和全局搜索能力.然后,将基于反向学习的萤火虫算法应用于多阈值分割.最后,使用所提出的方法对QFN缺陷图像进行阈值分割实验,并将结果与穷举法、基于粒子群算法的大津多阈值分割法、基于萤火虫算法的大津多阈值分割法进行比较.实验结果表明,所提方法能更有效地分割QFN表面缺陷,且分割速度快.     

Constructive,collaborative, contextual,and self‐directed learning in surface anatomy education

Anatomy education often consists of a combination of lectures and laboratory sessions, the latter frequently including surface anatomy. Studying surface anatomy enables students to elaborate on their knowledge of the cadaver's static anatomy by enabling the visualization of structures, especially those of the musculoskeletal system, move and function in a living human being. A recent development in teaching methods for surface anatomy is body painting, which several studies suggest increases both student motivation and knowledge acquisition. This article focuses on a teaching approach and is a translational contribution to existing literature. In line with best evidence medical education, the aim of this article is twofold: to briefly inform teachers about constructivist learning theory and elaborate on the principles of constructive, collaborative, contextual, and self‐directed learning; and to provide teachers with an example of how to implement these learning principles to change the approach to teaching surface anatomy. Student evaluations of this new approach demonstrate that the application of these learning principles leads to higher student satisfaction. However, research suggests that even better results could be achieved by further adjustments in the application of contextual and self‐directed learning principles. Successful implementation and guidance of peer physical examination is crucial for the described approach, but research shows that other options, like using life models, seem to work equally well. Future research on surface anatomy should focus on increasing the students' ability to apply anatomical knowledge and defining the setting in which certain teaching methods and approaches have a positive effect. Anat Sci Educ 6: 114–124. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.     

Expanding Talent Search Procedures by Including Measures of Spatial Ability: CTY's Spatial Test Battery

The importance of spatial ability for success in a variety of domains, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), is widely acknowledged. Yet, students with high spatial ability are rarely identified, as Talent Searches for academically talented students focus on identifying high mathematical and verbal abilities. Consequently, students with high spatial abilities who do not also have high math or verbal abilities may not qualify. In an effort to identify students with spatial talent, the Center for Talented Youth developed a Spatial Test Battery to supplement its mathematical and verbal Talent Searches. This article traces the development of the battery; describes its components, important psychometric properties, and continuing development; and encourages its use by researchers and educators interested in developing spatial talent.     

大学本科集成电路实验教学改革设想

集成电路实验是电子科学与技术专业的重要专业实验课,以往教学中存在着教学方法陈旧、实验课程联系松散和实验软件落后等问题。难以适应新时期人才培养的需要。教学改革势在必行。从高等院校集成电路实验课程的教学目标入手,应用“点”与“面”相结合的教学手段和形式多样的教学方法对课程进行改革创新,突出学生的主体作用,因材施教。可以有效提高教学效果。提升学生的创新能力。     

三维动画中NURBS建模系统应用技术初探

建模是三维制作的基础.NURBS曲线建模是目前比较流行的建模方式,它能产生平滑连续的曲面,使用数学函数来定义曲线和曲面,可在不改变外形的前提下自由控制曲面的精细程度.本文结合具体实例,阐释NURBS建模技术的主要思路及其流程.     

Optimization of extraction of phenolics from leaves of Ficus virens

In this research, the conditions for extraction of phenolics from leaves of Ficus virens were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction abilities of phenolics (EAP) and flavonoids (EAF), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging potential, and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were used as quality indicators. The results of single-factor experiments showed that temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time, and the number of extraction cycles were the main influencing variables, and these provided key information for the central composite design. The results of RSM fitted well to a second degree polynomial model and more than 98% of the variability was explained. The ideal extraction conditions for EAP, EAF, DPPH free-radical scavenging potential, and FRAP were obtained. Considering the four quality indicators overall, the ideal extraction conditions were 58% ethanol at 57 °C for 37 min with three extraction cycles. At the ideal extraction conditions, the values of EAP, EAF, DPPH free-radical scavenging potential, and FRAP were 5.72%, 3.09%, 58.88 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g dry weight (DW), and 15.86 mg AAE/g DW, respectively. In addition, linear correlations were observed between EAP, EAF, and antioxidant potential.     

少年从事举重运动对踝关节形态结构的影响

本文研究结果表明：静力负荷对少年踝关节形态结构并未发现有病理性变化，相反的是胫骨下端呈现出工作性肥大，骨小梁压力曲线明显增粗，排列密集、清晰，松质网眼变大；腓骨外踝呈椭圆形，骨体周径相应变粗，密质的厚度增加，骨小梁压力曲线增粗、清晰；距骨滑车关节面变得扁平；踝关节间隙宽度狭小等形态学特征。     

黄河三角洲海岸侵蚀现状及原因分析

阐述了黄河三角洲海岸侵蚀的现状及其特征,从自然因素和人为因素分析了海岸线侵蚀的原因。     

基于光谱纹理特征融合和神经网络的地表发射率获取方法

地表发射率是热红外遥感中最为关键的参数之一,在热红外遥感的定量化研究、地表能量平衡和地物填图等领域起着重要作用。但是,从热红外遥感数据反演地表发射率需要求解病态方程。提出一种基于神经网络模型逐像元获取地表发射率的方法。该方法基于MODIS 可见光通道的反射率数据提取纹理特征,将纹理信息和可见光光谱信息进行融合作为神经网络的输入特征,发射率作为输出。获取的地表发射率结果和MODIS的标准发射率产品对比,平均误差为0.002。该方法直接建立地表发射率和地表反射率的关系,为单通道热红外卫星精确获取地表温度和发射率提供依据和可能。