人、智力与创造

目前的教学论对学生创造力培养的研究存在明显的偏颇：把创造力的培养片面地理解为外在的创造新产品、新成果的能力的培养。对于智力本质的认识和理解不深入是其基本原因。无论人类还是人类个体，其自身的发展都是一个自我产生、自我创造的过程。儿童的成长也是一个自我创造的过程，儿童心理发展的决定性因素，是体现主体能动性的儿童自主活动。人类和人类个体智力的本质都是创造，智力即创造力。     

实验探究锥形POF的光功率的传输特性

通过实验研究了锥形聚合物光纤(POF)输出端光场强度分布呈现中心强、周边弱的模式分布特征,无论激光从大端输入、小端输出还是从小端输入、大端输出,都观察到小端的高阶模相对光强度明显低于大端,证明了锥形POF可以使大芯径POF和小芯径石英光纤的过渡连接得到良好的匹配.分别以大小端作为输入端口,研究了圆锥角度以及耦合长度对过渡器的光功率传输效率的影响,得出了POF过渡器最佳圆锥角度.yh     

高师钢琴即兴伴奏综合能力浅述

钢琴即兴伴奏除了应具备扎实的技能功底、纯熟的钢琴技巧、丰富的和声基础和多变的织体外，还应深入的分析理解伴奏的作品，从而达到演奏的相互配合。     

屈骚美学之思与儒道之辩

两千多年来,屈骚精神独立于世人的心中,不仅与儒、道思想融合为中国文学传统的奠基之石,更以其独特的魅力为后世学人照亮前行的方向。理解屈骚精神的特质,首先着力于其美学意义上的独创性;其次,结合儒、道哲学的互通与互补关系,品味屈原独特的内心世界,感受屈骚精神中最为震撼的雄壮与崇高。     

University Library Strategy Development: A Conceptual Model of Researcher Performance to Inform Service Delivery

ABSTRACT

This case study presents a conceptual model of researcher performance developed by Deakin University Library, Australia. The model aims to organize research performance data into meaningful researcher profiles, referred to as researcher typologies, which support the demonstration of research impact and value. Three dimensions shaping researcher performance are identified: researcher practices, career stage, and activity space. We argue this model serves two practical functions for Deakin Library and librarians: (a) to develop a holistic understanding of what constitutes researcher performance in the contemporary higher education environment in Australia; and (b) to translate this understanding into a service needs diagnostic tool for the development of the Research Metrics and Advisory Service (ReMAS), a strategic library service providing systematic research metrics support to Deakin researchers, schools, and faculties. We argue that both the model and its practical applications may be adapted by other academic libraries within their national and higher education contexts.     

个体在信息传递中的行为对组织效率的影响

一项交易活动，无论发生在市场还是组织内部，都要涉及到对信息的收集处理等，而这会产生交易成本。组织中的交易和市场中的交易有所不同，个体的行为会对组织的效率产生影响。遵循对行为人的三种假设：有限理性、机会主义和自身利益最大化，分析组织中个体行为对内部信息传递的影响。     

文献计量方法在大学小团体层面的基础研究绩效评价的应用

[目的/意义] 对文献计量方法在小团体微观层面的研究绩效评价进行实证研究。[方法/过程] 分析科研成果用科学文献表征的依据,讨论被引次数作为研究成果价值测度的合理性与局限性。在此基础上,针对大学院系微观层面如个体研究者、小团体的研究绩效评价问题,提出同方向小团体基础研究绩效评价标准构造方法及指标。作为方法的应用,对清华大学航天航空学院5个研究方向的基础研究绩效水平进行评估。[结果/结论] 基于文献计量得到的结果获得评价对象的认可。但本文所提出的方法在排除自引、以及计入评价对象的高被引文献方面仍有改进空间。     

The role of practice in chess: A longitudinal study

We investigated the role of practice in the acquisition of chess expertise by submitting a questionnaire to 104 players of different skill levels. Players had to report their chess rating, the number of hours of individual and group practice, their use of different learning resources and activities, and whether they had been trained by a coach. The use of archival data enabled us to track the rating of some of the players throughout their career. We found that there was a strong correlation between chess skill and number of hours of practice. Moreover, group practice was a better predictor of high-level performance than individual practice. We also found that masters had a higher chess rating than expert players after only three years of serious dedication to chess, although there were no differences in the number of hours of practice. The difference that may explain the variation in rating is that masters start practising at an earlier age than experts. Finally, we found that activities such as reading books and using computer software (game databases, but not playing programs) were important for the development of high-level performance. Together with previous data and theories of expert performance, our results indicate limits in the deliberate practice framework and make suggestions on how best to carry out learning in chess and in other fields.     

Performance strategies of US Olympians in practice and competition

Until recently, no self‐report instruments have examined psychological skills use in both practice and competition. In light of the significant role of practice in sport performance outcomes, a need exists to measure these skills in both domains. This study was designed to investigate differences in performance strategies of US Olympians in both practice and competition. The Test of Performance Strategies was administered to 176 US participants in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Summer Games. Discriminant function analyses demonstrated significant differences between medalists and nonmedalists in both the competition and practice performance strategies. Furthermore, significant gender and age differences were identified for competition strategies only. The 16 subscales of the TOPS, with two exceptions, create an internally stable instrument with moderate predictive ability relative to quality of sport performance, gender, and age in this elite sample of athletes.