中国企业创新:地利还是人和?——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

以2010—2015年中国沪深非金融类A股上市公司为样本,采用Spell固定效应法、跳槽公司样本法和跳槽高管样本法,从不可观测的公司特征和管理者特征出发,研究公司固定效应和管理者固定效应对公司创新的相对重要性。研究发现,公司固定效应和管理者固定效应对公司创新都具有显著影响,但是公司固定效应对公司创新的影响更大。这说明相比管理者个人因素,公司自身属性对公司创新的影响更大,即中国企业创新的地利条件重于人和条件。     

浙江省高新园区协同创新体系建设及机制研究

协同创新是当今科技创新的新范式,是提升产业竞争力、区域创新能力的新模式。通过协同创新提升高新园区的自主创新能力、增强园区助推经济社会发展的引擎作用也是国内外学者的研究热点。本文在研究协同创新体系内涵的基础上,提出了富有浙江特色的协同创新体系概念。进而,在调查分析浙江省高新园区内协同创新企业的基础上,分析了该省高新园区协同创新体系建设的现状、运行机制与经验,发现其存在的问题和不足,并提出了提升和完善浙江省高新园区协同创新系统的对策建议。     

Ambidexterity lost? Compromising innovation and the exploration/exploitation plan

Although innovation is central to a firm's success and a top priority for most technology managers, firms commonly report disappointment that innovation outcomes do not match their original plans. This paper examines the difference in intended innovation and realized innovation using an exploration/exploitation framing. Its focus is on changes to defined innovation plans that occur after planning phases end. Extant literature and field research form the basis for hypotheses that are then tested using a large scale survey of an entire population of small and medium-sized high-technology enterprises (SMEs).Findings of compromised exploration in favor of exploitation, during the development phase, is quantified. Firms divert resources away from novel emergent exploration and into existing product development, thereby undercutting innovation plans. Intended innovation, established during the planning stages, is found to be compromised.Our hypotheses, that agency and resource dependence underpin a shifting between explorative and exploitative development, have support. The paper's theoretical contributions include the application of novel agency and resource dependence perspectives onto innovation. It informs ambidexterity research by indicating where, how much, and why erosion in the balance of exploration/exploitation occurs and provides new avenues for research into low innovation outcomes.     

山东抗日根据地对冬学运动的改造与创新——以“庄户学”为例

抗日战争时期,为了提高广大民众的文化素质,普及抗战教育,中国共产党在其领导的各个抗日根据地广泛开展了冬学运动。其中“庄户学”就是山东抗日根据地为适应抗战需要和群众生产生活需要创造的一种新型教学模式,具有鲜明的地方特色。在当年烽火岁月中,它曾经是山东抗战教育的一面旗帜,在提高根据地人民的素质,宣传抗战等方面做出了不可磨灭的贡献,其丰富多彩的教学内容、灵活多变的组织形式、别具特色的教学方法,对于今天的教育改革特别是农村教育改革仍有重要的借鉴意义。     

The organisational-cooperation mode of innovation and its prominence amongst European service firms

Analysing survey data concerning the innovation orientations of 2500 European firms, this paper uses the exploratory statistical technique of multiple correspondence analysis to identify three distinct modes of innovation: a product-research mode; a process-technologies mode; and an organisational-cooperation mode. The first two of these are forms of technological innovation that are well established in the innovation studies literature. The third is a form of organisational innovation, about which much less is known. Aside from identifying statistically these three modes of innovation, we show that firms of different sizes and in different sectors have different propensities to engage in each of them. High-technology firms are, for example, the most likely of all firms to engage in the product-research mode, whilst low-technology manufacturers are the most likely to engage in the process-technologies mode. Meanwhile, the organisational-cooperation mode, which involves supply-chain rather than research-based cooperative practices, is particularly prominent in services, especially in trade and distribution services. This fits with the view that innovation in services is often ‘soft’, rather than primarily technological, involving organisational and relational changes within supply-chains or networks.     

Organizational knowledge creation and the generation of new product ideas: A behavioral approach

In this paper, we address the pre-project phase of idea generation in the product innovation process, where the effective generation of new product ideas still remains an issue of high relevance for both management scholars and practitioners. We relate Nonaka and colleagues’ four knowledge creation modes of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization to the novelty of product ideas generated. Taking a behavioral perspective on the four modes, we posit positive relationships between socialization as well as internalization and the novelty of product ideas, whereas we postulate negative relationships for externalization as well as combination. Using data from multiple respondents in 33 companies, our results confirm the proposed linkages.     

Innovation spaces: Workspace planning and innovation in U.S. university research centers

This paper reports findings of a study designed to test whether differences in spatial layout of research offices and labs (workspace planning) affects face-to-face technical consultations, and ultimately innovation process outcomes in research settings critical to government supported innovation strategies—university research centers (URCs). The study involved a mixed-method (multivariate predictive and multiple case comparison) evaluation of six organizationally similar but spatially different URCs. Data analysis revealed relationships between workspace planning, consultations and innovation process outcomes. Multivariate analyses showed that configurational accessibility, visibility and walking distances significantly affect the frequencies and locations of unprogrammed face-to-face consultations. Cross-case comparisons revealed that URCs featuring overall high configurational accessibility, shorter walking distances and intact territories exhibit higher face-to-face consultation rates, consultation network connectivity, and subjective/objective innovation process outcomes. Implications for research policy, practice and research are discussed.     

The effect of technological knowledge assets on performance: The innovative choice in Spanish firms

The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between Technological Knowledge Assets (TKAs) and performance, in the light of making the ‘innovative choice’ that involves short-term costs of acquiring or generating the assets but aims at longer term benefits through innovation. To that end, a study of 1267 industrial firms in Spain was carried out over a period of 5 years, 1998-2002. The results show that TKAs have a positive indirect effect on financial performance mediated through innovation. They also reveal that TKAs have a negative direct effect on performance, except licences. Thus, the combined effect of TKAs on performance urges the need for innovation to obtain a positive payoff.     

我国基于技术受限的国家关键技术自主创新投资价值模型研究

国家关键技术创新过程如何实施,成为摆在我国决策者面前的一个重大问题.然而,我国包括国家关键技术在内的技术发展活动处于一个复杂和特殊的国际环境中,国外技术强国由于各种原因,对向我国的技术出口设置了严格的限制政策.目前,国内对技术强国技术出口限制因素下的国家关键技术创新模式研究,在理论和方法上还存在着空白点和诸多难点.本文把技术强国对我国技术出口限制因素作为我国国家关键技术发展与创新考虑的重要因素之一,运用NPV方法、实物期权理论方法、外部效应理论方法、连续序贯投资决策理论等理论方法,研究了我国基于技术受限的国家关键技术自主创新投资价值模型.     

学术资源重构与中国经济学的创新

有效运用与重构学术资源,是创建中国经济学的重要前提.中国经济学百年学术资源的积累,为中国经济学的创新作了比较充分的准备.当前,走经济学理论创新之路,应首先重构学术资源.重构的基本思路是:应将学术资源用于解决中国的实际问题;在学术资源的采用上须具备开放的心态,汲取一切有益营养;应明确我们主要依靠什么,我们的优势资源在哪里.创新中国经济学,必须借助和挖掘马克思主义和中国传统文化这两大重要的优势资源.