Exploration versus exploitation in technology firms: The role of compensation structure for R&D workforce

We investigate the relationship between a firm’s compensation structure and the extent to which its innovation is more exploration versus exploitation oriented. Specifically, we assess two aspects of a firm’s compensation design—horizontal dispersion within job levels and vertical tournament incentives between job levels. A six-year panel of compensation records of 671,028 employees working at 81 U.S.-based high technology firms between 1997 and 2002 are used to construct measures that characterize a firm's pay structure, which are linked to these firms’ patents filed in the U.S. We find that firms with higher-powered tournament incentives in vertical compensation structure report higher fraction of innovation directed towards exploration. Horizontal pay dispersion, on the other hand, shows a negative relationship with the exploration in firms where R&D employees’ age variance is low. In firms where R&D employees’ age variance is high, the negative relationship between horizontal pay dispersion and exploration is muted.     

Human capital and innovation: the importance of the optimal organizational task structure

Management literature has identified high-skilled human capital as a crucial dimension of innovation processes at the firm level. In this study, we introduce an alternative view of human capital based on the tasks that firms’ workers perform. We propose a measure of cognitive analytical and interpersonal tasks: the degree of abstractism. We argue that the level of abstractism of a firm has an effect on a firm's propensity to innovate and on its product innovation performance. We hypothesize that while the degree of abstractism has a linear positive relationship with the propensity to innovate, the relationship between abstractism and product innovation performance follows an inverted u-shaped relationship. We find partial support to our hypotheses using data from more than six thousand Portuguese firms. We discuss how these results change our understanding of the relationship between human capital and innovation at the firm level.     

Institutional complementarities: The origins of experimentation in China’s plug-in electric vehicle industry

A vast literature on technology transitions within industries suggests that early phases of new technologies are marked by periods of intense experimentation, but we know little about the conditions under which these periods emerge. We apply inductive, grounded theory-building techniques to examine what prompts firms to experiment across one emerging technology platform—plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)—in China. Triangulating annual vehicle make and model sales data from 2003 to 2016 (plus monthly data from 2010 to 2016); 112 English and Mandarin archival documents from industry, academic, and news outlets; and 51 semi-structured interviews with industry, government, and academic stakeholders, we develop four in-depth case studies. We find that in contrast to the innovation trajectories of multinational and Chinese arms of joint venture (JV) firms, independent domestic Chinese firms (those with no history of international JV partnerships) are undertaking significant experimentation across multiple levels—infrastructure, core system, subsystem, and component—of the emerging PEV technology platform. We propose the concept of “institutional complementarities” to describe how interactions among institutions—here the national JV regulation and local market support and subsidies—may have turned regional markets into protected laboratories, extending the incubation periods for independent domestic firm experimentation. While this diverse experimentation may be an important antecedent of technology transition, consolidation induced by national policy standardization or competitive pressure may be required for PEV innovations to scale beyond their early, protected regional markets.     

基于Web的媒体信息资源管理系统的设计与实现

运用J2EE的技术与数据库技术的结合，阐述了媒体信息管理系统的总结构、数据库结构、关键技术。设计与实现了易查询、易维护、可移植的管理系统。从而有效提高了媒体信息资源的共享与分布操作。     

基于J2EE框架集成高校管理信息系统

本文从高校管理的业务入手,把高校管理业务划分为十大部分,根据其业务特点,详细地阐述了高校管理业务信息化的技术要求。从J2EE的概念、模型、结构、优势四大方面论述了J2EE框架完全满足高校管理信息化的技术要求。并简要地给出了J2EE应用系统的几个开发阶段。     

网上考试系统在高等职业教育中的应用

根据高等职业教育的特点及课程考试的现状,为推进高职教育教学改革,提升教学质量,合理评价学生的实际应用能力,提出了一种用J2EE技术开发基于B/S模式的网上考试系统设计方案,并创造性的提出使用类连接数据库,处理无效连接,管理多个连接池对象,针对WEB服务器负载均衡问题,设计了负载均衡结构,还提出了其它几种负载均衡的实现途径.     

一种新的网络课件设计模式:J2EE+Coldfusion+Flash

本文简要介绍了目前Coldfusion在国外的应用现状,并分析其在网络课件设计中的优势,以及其在结合Flash后的动态数据图形化功能,最后阐述了这一功能在网络课件设计中的应用模式。     

实用日本语鉴定考试(J.TEST)的特点及应试攻略

J.TEST考试的宗旨是为企业提供日语人才,因此受到了诸多企业,尤其是日资企业的广泛认可.本文着重介绍J.TEST考试的方式、特点以及应试攻略,希望能为广大考生提供些许借鉴.     

J2ME/J2EE网上教学信息发布系统的设计与实现

通过对J2ME和J2EE技术的研究,设计了一个移动的网上教学信息发布系统的总体框架,分析了系统中J2ME客户端和J2EE服务器端的关键技术,并对其实现方法进行详细介绍,最后展示了系统的运行结果。     

J2EE的ERP系统开发平台的构建及关键技术

为了解决某些企业要求实现管理信息化的问题,设计了一套企业管理信息化的系统开发方案。主要介绍了基于J2EE的ERP系统开发平台的构建方案。结果表明,该方案既能满足企业管理信息化要求又能利用企业原有的信息资源,减少了企业投资的成本。结合作者开发企业ERP的经验,就开发中一些关键问题也给出了解决方案。