认知建构视角下交互式信息检索模型研究

[目的/意义]信息检索本质上是一个认知过程,研究促进用户认知的交互式信息检索模型具有重要意义。[研究设计/方法]以建构主义理论为指导,以促进用户的认知发展为研究目标,构建了以信息空间层、用户空间层和界面交互层为顶层分析框架的交互式信息检索模型,并开发了原型系统。[结论/发现]实验结果表明原型系统能有效地促进用户对信息空间的探索与挖掘,帮助用户积极主动地进行认知建构,发展认知空间。[创新/价值]将认知建构理论运用于信息检索领域,从交互设计方面对检索系统提出了改进建议,以更好地提供认知支持。     

国际标准关联标识符在图书馆的应用研究

国际标准关联标识符(ISLI)标准已经在新闻出版领域取得快速普及与应用。作为信息资源与用户的枢纽中心,图书馆领域与新闻出版业存在天然的联系,了解ISLI标准在新闻出版等领域的实施情况,有利于加速ISLI标准在图书馆行业的应用。文章在梳理ISLI标准的概念、编码体系、实践应用等的基础上,提出优化图书馆数字资源管理系统以支持ISLI编码的识别与管理,积极制定适合于图书馆知识资源和知识元关联的行业标准ISLI/LIB,进行基于ISLI/LIB的知识资源回溯关联、知识元关联服务以及注册中心的构建等应用对策,为用户提供更加精、准、深、专的知识资源和知识服务。     

“公意”与“舆论”之间:五四时期李普曼《舆论》的知识传播和话语实践

基于新发现的袁昌英《公意之源》,并与陶孟和的书评比较,考察李普曼《舆论》作为一种现代性话语在中国的传播与实践的问题。《舆论》推动了近代西方"public opinion"从哲学论述转向现代性的知识和概念,但其核心概念仍融合了"公共意志"与"公众意见"两方面涵义,作为现代性话语尚具有两歧性。这个特征为五四时期的中国学者提供了"舆论"与"公意"的两条阐释路径。陶孟和用书评形式引介《舆论》,关注其在政治心理学上的创新意义;袁昌英则以近似于政论文的形式,评述李普曼的新舆论观、大众媒介观和政治传播观,实已触及现代传播学的范畴。陶、袁都被李普曼的民主理论修正观点所吸引,对于著名的"李普曼-杜威之辩",也有精英主义与大众主义不同的评论视角。从话语实践上看,《舆论》参与了一战以后中国知识界对西方民主制度的反省思潮。     

Knowledge spillovers: Does the geographic proximity effect decay over time? A discipline-level analysis,accounting for cognitive proximity,with and without self-citations

This work analyzes the variation over time of the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows. The flows are measured through the citations exchanged between scientific publications, including and excluding self-citations. To calculate geographic distances between citing and cited publication, each publication is associated with a “prevailing” territory, according to the authors’ affiliations. We then apply a gravity model to account for the research size of the territories, in terms of cognitive proximity of citing-cited publications. The field of observation is the 2010–2017 world publications citing the 2010–2012 Italian publications, as indexed in the Web of Science. The results show that in domestic knowledge flows, geographic proximity remains an influential factor through time, although with differences among disciplines and trends of attenuating effects. Finally, we replicate the analyses of knowledge flows but with the exclusion of self-citations: in this manner the effect of geographic proximity seems reduced, particularly at the national scale, but the differences (with vs without self-citations) lessen through time. As shown in previous works, the effect of distance on continental flows is modest (imperceptible for intercontinental flows), yet here too time has some influence, including concerning exclusion of self-citations.     

The role of geographical proximity in knowledge diffusion,measured by citations to scientific literature

This paper analyses the influence of geographic distance on knowledge flows, measured through citations to scientific publications. Previous works using the same approach are limited to single disciplines. In this study, we analyse the Italian scientific production in all disciplines matured in the period 2010–2012. To calculate the geographic distances between citing and cited publications, each one is associated with a “prevalent” territory on the basis of the authors’ affiliations. The results of the application of a gravity model, estimated using ordinary least squares regression, show that despite the spread of IT, geographic distance continues to be an influential factor in the process of knowledge flows between territories. In particular, the analysis reveals that the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows is significant at the national level, not negligible at the continental level, but completely irrelevant at the intercontinental level.     

试论新华书店的知识管理

知识管理是在知识经济浪潮中产生的一种新兴的管理思潮与方法.在知识经济条件下,新华书店需要实施知识管理,以应对激烈的市场竞争.新华书店实施知识管理应该从以下几个方面着手:建立知识库、建立有效的学习机制、设置知识管理组织架构、形成有利于知识管理的企业文化.     

ISM-CMAP-Combine (ICMC) for hierarchical knowledge scenario in quality engineering education

Quality assurance in engineering education is a multifaceted problem further augmented by the stakeholders of engineering education. Students, parents and employers are rightfully questioning the quality of the curriculum, the instructional delivery, the learning environment, accessibility to learning technologies and equipment, employability as well as the possibilities of lifelong learning and the improvement of knowledge (Karapetrovic 2002 Karapetrovic, S. 2002. Why and how to develop a meaningful quality assurance system in engineering schools. Int. J. Engg. Educ, 18(3): 285–294. [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]). The purpose of the study is, therefore, to identify the parameters that influence the quality of an engineering education system and develop an integrated model of hierarchical structuring and a concept map for pre-identified concept elements through a process of iterative-interactive consensus-driven methodology, as advocated by second-generation system design paradigm for evolving knowledge scenario of concepts related to quality engineering education.     

中国原创青少年科普期刊办刊探索与实践——以《问天少年》为例

近年来,科普的重要性得到社会广泛认同,青少年是科普的重要对象。为提升中国青少年科学素养,同时提升期刊原创科普能力,航空知识杂志社在纸刊日渐衰退的时代,逆势创办科普期刊《问天少年》。本文就为什么办以及如何办好原创青少年科普期刊进行了探讨。针对青少年这一特殊群体,以《问天少年》为例,总结了原创优质青少年科普期刊的显著特点,并分享了创办青少年科普期刊的探索与实践经验。     

探析英语专业视听说教学中文化导入的重要性

语言从深层次反映一个民族的文化特点,要学好一个民族的语言,必须学习该民族的文化。因此,在英语视听说教学中,教师既要重视语言知识的传授,又要注重文化知识的传授。从语言与文化的关系、英语视听说教学导入文化的重要性等方面作一探析,同时给出了一些提高学生跨文化意识的对策。     

国际创业教育研究前沿的可视化分析

本文立足于Web of Science中的SCI-E、SSCI数据库,以1945年至2010年间国际创业教育领域的2000篇文献为研究对象和计量单元,将定量分析和定性研究相结合,运用国际新兴的CiteSpace软件和可视化方法进行知识计量和知识谱图绘制。在可视化图谱定量分析的基础上进行国际创业教育的研究前沿方面的定性研究,从而为国际创业教育领域的研究开拓了全新的视角和平台。