同时时延和数据包丢失的NCS指数稳定性分析

文章针对网络时延和数据包丢失同时存在的情况下,将网络控制系统建模为具有事件约束条件的异步动态系统,利用李雅普诺夫函数和线性矩阵不等式原理,提出了网络控制系统指数稳定性的充分条件,并通过求解矩阵得出系统指数稳定的状态反馈控制律。最后的仿真表明该条件是有效的。     

Nothing about us without us! Youth-led solutions to improve high school completion rates

This Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) study represents a collaboration with six students from alternative education to inquire about the experiences of vulnerable youth – students in alternative education and youth who have dropped out of school. Utilizing the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique, youth researchers asked their peers what helped and hindered their retention and success in mainstream and alternative education. Youth researchers engaged in authentic participation and took part in the iterative phases of YPAR – critical reflection and social action. Their involvement empowered them to advocate for their peers by disseminating the results and recommendations to key stakeholders within the community. Youth researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 participants. Overall, the findings show that relationships with staff and peers, flexibility, psychosocial and academic supports, and personal circumstances are vital in helping vulnerable students succeed in school. Engagement in YPAR provided insight into working with vulnerable youth in a manner that promotes agency and social change within educational institutions.     

Different pathways towards dropout: the role of engagement in early school leaving

In this study, we examine the development of student engagement in relation to dropout. We focus on different growth trajectories of engagement between groups of students and on whether these trajectories lead to differences in the survival of the student. The development of behavioural and emotional engagement of 4063 graduates and 541 (11.7%) dropouts is examined from Year 7 to Year 12 and this development is linked to the probability of dropping out in each grade by means of a discrete-time survival mixture model. For emotional engagement, results point to a model with two different subgroups: one group starting at a high level of engagement and following a (relatively) stable pattern and the other group starting at a lower level of engagement and following a decreasing trend. For behavioural engagement, the results indicate that a three-class model showed the best fit: a high and (relatively) stable group, a high and decreasing group and a low and stable group. In terms of dropout, the unstable and low groups demonstrate a significantly higher probability of dropping out, as evidenced in the steep, declining survival curves. Different background variables are included to gain more insight into engagement and dropout, and to predict membership in the low and decreasing class.     

Learning outcomes and dropout intentions: an analytical model for Spanish universities

The dropout rate among Spanish university students is very high compared to the European mean, creating a pressing need for the introduction of policies and programmes aimed at increasing rates of persistence. In this article, we study this problem by combining students’ perceived learning outcomes with their dropout intentions, and we propose a research model that considers subjective factors that might impact this decision. The model is estimated for two degree courses: Business Administration and Nursing. The estimation method uses structural equations based on the partial least squares algorithm. This allows the construction of indices for the variables of interest, enabling us to make comparisons between courses and over time. To reduce dropout intentions, efforts need to be focused on obtaining better cognitive outcomes, as well as on achieving a higher level of student satisfaction with their university experience.     

高校图书馆应对MOOC高辍学率的策略探讨

[目的/意义] 新型在线教育模式MOOC的崛起和风靡全球,在为更多求学者带来学习机遇的同时,其自身教学弊端也在逐步暴露,首当其冲的是课程高辍学率问题。希望借助高校图书馆的自身优势,采取一系列可行性策略来改善MOOC高辍学率问题。[方法/过程] 将MOOC学习流程规划分为若干阶段,根据近年来相关机构对MOOC学习者的调研数据,从学习者角度揭示出不同阶段中导致辍学的直接或间接因素。[结果/结论] 借助高校图书馆信息导向、学术交流、文化辐射等功能,针对MOOC不同的学习阶段,依次尝试开展筛选、靶向、前导、陪伴、追踪、推广等有效的应对策略和服务。从而丰富MOOC教育环境,降低课程辍学率,为学习者顺利完成学业保驾护航。     

Motivation for Educational Attainment in Grade 9 Predicts High School Completion

The Motivation for Educational Attainment (MEA) questionnaire, developed to assess facets related to early adolescents’ motivation to complete high school, has a bifactor structure with a large general factor and three smaller orthogonal specific factors (teacher expectations, peer aspirations, value of education). This prospective validity study investigated the utility of each factor in predicting high school dropout or completion of a general education development (GED) certificate versus completion of a high school degree. Participants were 474 (55.1% male) ethnically diverse students who were originally recruited into a larger longitudinal study in Grade 1 on the basis of academic risk. Fourteen years later, 373 had obtained a high school diploma, 15 had obtained a GED, and 86 had dropped out of high school. During their first year of Grade 9, participants were administered the MEA. Using multinomial logistic regression with high school graduation as the reference outcome and controlling for Grade 9 letter grades, reading and math test scores, gender, and ethnic/racial group status, scores on the latent general factor and the latent peer aspirations factor predicted high school dropout versus high school graduation status. Neither the general factor nor any of the three specific factors predicted GED completion versus high school graduation. Ethnicity, but not gender, moderated the associations between scores on the general factor and high school graduation versus dropout.     

Typology of school dropout: The dimensions and dynamics of dropout in Ghana

This paper explores the dropout experience of children who dropped out of schools located in two rural communities¹ in the Central Region of Ghana. The main research question sought to explore the meaning and types of drop out founded on the views of children who had dropped out of school. The study tracked 18 children aged 7–17 years. Snowball sampling was employed to identify participants of the study. Data was collected from children and significant others² using in-depth interviews. Using CREATE's analytical framework of zones of exclusion, this paper identify five type of school dropouts and argues that policies to prevent dropout and encourage drop-in requires specific rather than general targeting.     

运用自我决定理论对大学生逃避课外运动行为机制的研究

研究目的是建立大学生逃避运动行为的动机模型,并通过调查分析来验证该模型。学校、教师和家长的管理和行为影响学生的能力感和自主感,而这种低自主支持的社会因子降低了学生参与体育运动的自我决定动机,从而导致学生低意图参与体育运动,形成逃避运动行为。研究结果支持该模型的成立。     

农村初中学生辍学成因分析的个案研究

虽然随着我国教育改革的深化,基础教育得到了较快的发展,但农村初中生辍学问题还比较突出。为此,通过选取地处粤北农村某中学一位已辍学学生进行个案研究,并辅助对教过她的几位老师的访谈,希望能在一定程度上展现粤北农村初级中学学生辍学的现状、原因及其个体表现等情况。     

近年来我国中东部地区高考人数下降的现象分析——以鄂豫苏冀四省为例

基本处于中东部地区的鄂豫苏冀四省市高考人数逐年下降,原因主要是中东部地区中小学辍学率增高,未成年人打工经商者增多、高中升学率减少,受大学生就业难冲击,中考放弃报考普通高中而选择中职的人数增加,随迁子女就地报名高考,东部地区在高中和中小学阶段出国留学的人数增多,受都市影响中东部农村地区出生率下降等诸多原因。稳定高考人数、提高农业人口的综合素质的最好办法是:国家应该采取一切措施控制中部地区的辍学率,改革高校课程设置和培养人才的理念,提高大学生的就业率,减少大学生就业难对中小学的冲击,做好中职与高考的接轨工作。