法律激励理论视角下我国专利池的法律规制完善

专利池在我国正处于发展阶段,有必要加快完善有利于专利池共享平台建设的法律制度环境。通过对专利池的内涵与法律性质分析,运用法律激励理论对我国现行规制专利池的法律制度中的不足进行研究,提出在肯定专利池鼓励竞争与创新、提升质量的正向价值基础上,我国现行法律也应该进行适时调整,扩大专利池激励对象、激励范围与改变激励路径,进一步完善对专利池法律规制的具体规则,为科学发展和技术进步提供更加优良的法制环境。     

试论《行政许可法》对反腐败的立法意义

《行政许可法》为有效抑制腐败提供了法律保障。本分析制约《行政许可法》发挥其反腐效用的因素，提出实现《行政许可法》反腐败理想的建议。     

Management of a School of Library and Information Studies

No abstract available for this article.     

电子信息资源使用许可协议的内容研究

电子信息资源使用许可协议是国际上通用的在电子信息环境中购买、租用或获取电子信息资源的主要方式。许可协议文本是一种法律协定，是电子信息资源供应商控制购买者传播、利用电子信息资源的重要手段，同时也是购买者合理使用电子信息资源的保障。本文介绍了国外电子信息资源使用许可协议研究中的最新成果，对我国图书馆用户在许可协议签署中的关键问题进行了探讨。     

Licensing as a commercialisation strategy for new technology-based firms

We investigate licensing as a commercialisation strategy for new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the biopharmaceutical industry using a combination of survey and database research methods. We found that most firms in our sample were not fully integrated regardless of their company age which is consistent with the picture of NTBFs as agents of technology transfer. Comparing fully and not-fully integrated firms we find differences in the use of licensing strategies. According to Ford and Ryan [Harvard Business Review 59 (1981) 117] fully integrated companies apply licensing for strategic reasons and for financially unattractive projects. Our results provide partial support for this theory.     

Inventors and invention processes in Europe: Results from the PatVal-EU survey

Based on a survey of the inventors of 9017 European patented inventions, this paper provides new information about the characteristics of European inventors, the sources of their knowledge, the importance of formal and informal collaborations, the motivations to invent, and the actual use and economic value of the patents.     

美国社会工作执照考试的要求与特点

美国社会工作执照考试需要具备正式的专业教育、一定的社会工作经验和学位要求等报考条件,同时在考试制度的建立、考试设备的配备、考试安全保障的提供、考试理念的贯彻以及考试信息反馈机制的建立等方面都有鲜明的特点。美国社会工作执照考试具有较高的质量与考试信度和效度,值得其他国家借鉴与学习。     

Profiting from innovation in the digital economy: Enabling technologies,standards, and licensing models in the wireless world

The value-capture problem for innovators in the digital economy involves some different challenges from those in the industrial economy. It inevitably requires understanding the dynamics of platforms and ecosystems. These challenges are amplified for enabling technologies, which are the central focus of this article. The innovator of an enabling technology has a special business model challenge because the applicability to many downstream verticals forecloses, as a practical matter, ownership of all the relevant complements. Complementary assets (vertical and lateral) in the digital context are no longer just potential value-capture mechanisms (through asset price appreciation or through preventing exposure to monopolistic bottleneck pricing by others); they may well be needed simply for the technology to function. Technological and innovational complementors present both coordination and market design challenges to the innovator that generally lead to market failure in the form of an excess of social over private returns. The low private return leads to socially sub-optimal underinvestment in future R&D that can be addressed to some extent by better strategic decision-making by the innovator and/or by far-sighted policies from government and the judiciary.The default value-capture mechanism for many enabling technologies is the licensing of trade secrets and/or patents. Licensing is shown to be a difficult business model to implement from a value-capture perspective. When injunctions for intellectual property infringement are hard to win, or even to be considered, the incentives for free riding by potential licensees are considerable. Licensing is further complicated if it involves standard essential patents, as both courts and policy makers may fail to understand that development of a standard involves components of both interoperability and technology development. If a technology standard is not treated as the embodiment of significant R&D efforts enabling substantial new downstream economic activity, then rewards are likely to be calibrated too low to support appropriate levels of future innovation.     

Mid-range universities’ linkages with industry: Knowledge types and the role of intermediaries

We analyze how mid-range universities can contribute to industrial change through the transfer of tacit and codified knowledge in the areas of spin-offs; licensing and patents; contract research, consultancy and reach-out; and graduate and researcher mobility. We use archival, survey and interview data relating to mid-range universities in mid-range environments in the UK, Belgium, Germany and Sweden. Our findings suggest that mid-range universities primarily need to focus on generating world-class research and critical mass in areas of expertise, as well as developing different types of intermediaries. Mid-range universities may need to develop a portfolio of university-industry linkages in terms of the scope of activities and the types of firms with which they interact. We also show that different intermediaries have important roles to play in developing university-industry linkages for mid-range universities.