Mechanism of Antidiabetic Action of Compound GII Purified from Fenugreek (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum graecum</Emphasis>) Seeds

To study the mechanism of action of water soluble compound GII purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds which was shown earlier to have antidiabetic effect in the subdiabetic, moderately and severely diabetic rabbits. In rabbits (1–1.5 kg bw) diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg bw of alloxan. They were fed with GII at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw daily once in the morning for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL + VLDL cholesterol [(LDL + VLDL)C], HDL cholesterol [(HDL)C], total tissue lipids, glycogen and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, polyol pathway) hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were estimated. Liver and kidney function parameters were also estimated. Treatment with GII for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits and for 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits (i) decreased the elevated lipids TC, TG, (LDL + VLDL)C and increased the decreased (HDL)C, (ii) decreased the elevated liver and heart total lipids, TC and TG, (iii) increased the decreased liver and muscle glycogen, (iv) increased the decreased hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, (v) decreased the increased glucose-6-phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aldose reductase. Results thus show that treatment with GII compound purified from fenugreek seeds for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits corrects the altered serum lipids, tissue lipids, glycogen, enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, polyol pathway and antioxidant enzymes. Histopathological abnormalities (fatty infiltration and other cellular changes) seen in the pancreas, liver, heart and kidneys were repaired after treatment with GII. In fact partially damaged pancreas was repaired. Liver and kidney function test results were normal in the GII treated animals indicating that GII treatment is safe and free from any side effects.     

华蟾素干预中晚期原发性肝癌的研究概况

华蟾素是我国传统药材中华大蟾酥干皮加工制成的重要制剂,是我国临床应用较为广泛的抗肿瘤药物,对多种肿瘤细胞具有较明显的抗肿瘤作用。原发性肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,华蟾素能缓解肝癌的临床症状,提高患者生活质量,具有减毒增效的作用。文章就华蟾素对原发性肝癌的临床应用及药理研究进行综述。     

有氧训练对一次力竭运动小鼠心肌及血清抗氧化酶的影响

目的：经过16周有氧训练,观察一次性力竭运动后小鼠心肌及血清抗氧化酶活性及过氧化脂质的变化,探讨长期有氧运动对运动应激时机体的抗氧化能力的影响。方法：36只雌性KM小鼠随即分成有氧训练组（E组）、运动应激组（0组）和空白对照组（c组）,E组经过16周有氧训练后与0组进行一次性力竭游泳实验,测定力竭运动后心肌和血清中MDA、SOD、CAT、T—AOC、CK等指标的变化。结果：小鼠经过力竭运动后心肌SOD、CAT、T—AOC含量,E组与0组相比增加非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：经过16周的有氧训练后,小鼠对运动应激引起的氧化适应能力得到提高,小鼠的心脏组织和血清中脂质过氧化程度都有所下降。     

外泌体来源的半乳糖凝集素-9预测肝移植术后排斥发生及预后（英文）

目的:外泌体及其内容物是各种肝脏疾病的潜在生物标志物。本研究探索外泌体及其内容物在肝移植排斥反应及预后中的作用。创新点:本研究发现外泌体及内含物半乳糖凝集素-9(galectin-9)在肝移植术后排斥及预后预测中发挥重要作用。方法:分别从急性排斥和肝功能稳定患者提取外泌体,进行分离、鉴定并检测其内含蛋白。候选蛋白通过在73个急性排斥病人和63个肝功能稳定病人切除肝的组织芯片中进行验证。最后将蛋白表达量和临床参数纳入Kaplan-Meier生存率和Cox回归分析。结论:外泌体来源的galectin-9可作为预测肝移植术后排斥发生及预后的生物学指标。     

Effects of osmotic stress on antioxidant enzymes activities in leaf discs of P<Subscript>SAG12</Subscript>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">IPT</Emphasis> modified gerbera

Leaf senescence is often caused by water deficit and the chimeric gene PSA612-1PT is an auto-regulated gene delaying leaf senescence. Using in vitro leaf discs culture system, the changes of contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble protein and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS） and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated during leaf senescence of PSA612-1PT modified gerbera induced by osmotic stress compared with the control plant （wild type）. Leaf discs were incubated in 20%, 40% （w/v） polyethylene glycol （PEG） 6 000 nutrient solution for 20 h under continuous light [ 130 μmol/（m^2·s）]. The results showed that the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids and soluble protein were decreased by osmotic stress with the decrease being more pronounced at 40% PEG, but that, at the same PEG concentration the decrease in the transgenic plants was significantly lower than that in the control plant. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalases （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR） were stimulated by PEG treatment. However, the increases were higher in PSA612-IPT transgenic plants than in the control plants, particularly at 40% PEG treatment. Lipid peroxidation （TBARS content） was increased by PEG treatment with the increase being much lower in transgenic plant than in the control plant. It could be concluded that the increases in the activities ofantioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and DHAR were responsible for the delay of leaf senescence induced by osmotic stress.     

Lipids changes in liver cancer

Liver is one of the most important organs in energy metabolism. Most plasma apolipoproteins and endogenous lipids and lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. It depends on the integrity of liver cellular function, which ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. When liver cancer occurs, these processes are impaired and the plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns may be changed. Liver cancer is the fifth common malignant tumor worldwide, and is closely related to the infections of hepatitis B virus （HBV） and hepatitis C virus （HCV）. HBV and HCV infections are quite common in China and other Southeast Asian countries. In addition, liver cancer is often followed by a procession of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, so that hepatic function is damaged obviously on these bases, which may significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. In this review we summarize the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism under liver cancer.     

耐力运动对高脂膳食诱导的脂肪肝小鼠UCP2与Mn-SOD表达及与脂肪肝关系的研究

目的:研究耐力运动对高脂膳食诱导的C57BL/6J脂肪肝小鼠肝脏UCP2及Mn-SOD表达与脂肪肝的关系.方法:以高脂膳食诱导的脂肪肝小鼠为模型,分析耐力运动20周后肝脏UCP2及Mn-SOD表达变化与肝脏脂肪变的关系.结果:肝脏UCP2与Mn-SOD在高脂膳食组(HS组)均显著升高;恢复正常膳食结合耐力运动20周组(RE组),Mn-SOD表达进一步升高,而UCP2表达显著降低.HS组形成明显的脂肪肝,恢复正常膳食加20周不运动组与恢复正常膳食结合20周耐力运动组脂肪肝得到明显改善,但RE组改善更为明显.结论:耐力运动可能以上调Mn-SOD表达而下调UCP2表达,达到既清除活性氧又减少肝脏线粒体ATP合成降低目的,从而保护肝脏免受过多活性氧和ATP耗尽的损伤.     

基于综合特征的新疆地方性肝包虫病图像特征的提取与分析

图像特征提取是图像处理的一个主要环节,是图像处理技术研究和应用的一个重要领域。本文选取了新疆地方性肝包虫病中的单囊型肝包虫和正常肝脏CT图像进行研究,提取了灰度直方图、灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)、kc复杂性三种特征组成综合图像特征。首先对图像进行尺寸归一、去噪、对比度增强的预处理,并对综合特征进行统计学分析,最后应用Fisher判别分析法对特征的分类能力进行评价。实验结果表明运用综合特征对图像分类有较高的准确率,这对基于内容的新疆肝包虫病CT图像的检索的研究奠定了一定的基础。     

急性耐力运动对大鼠脑组织一氧化氮和一氧化氮合成酶的影响及中药调节作用的研究

采用实验法，探讨一次性长时间运动后及恢复期大鼠脑组织一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的变化以及中药对其调节性作用。研究结论：急性耐力运动后大鼠端脑iNOS活性显著性增高、cNOS显著性降低，而NO水平的过量提高可能具有神经毒性作用，这可能是急性耐力运动引发运动性中枢疲劳的重要原因；急性耐力运动后20h恢复期，大鼠端脑NO及其合成酶系的变化趋势与病理性脑损伤存在明显差异，这可能与急性耐力运动中脑组织L-精氨酸分解代谢加速和脂质过氧化水平提高有关；中药营养补充对减缓急性耐力运动中NO过量增高、保护脑组织、推迟中枢疲劳的产生具有一定的积极性作用。