芒果基因组DNA的提取方法比较

采用SDS法、改良SDS法、CTAB法、改良CTAB法提取芒果基因组DNA,并对提取的DNA进行质量比较。结果表明:改良CTAB法能较好地去除芒果叶片中的酚类和多糖杂质,提取的DNA母液浓度达767．2 ng/μl, OD260／OD280为1．89,DNA纯度和浓度在四种方法中均为最高。     

中国高校二语动机策略实证研究

动机被视为影响二语学习成效的一个重要的情感因素。本文用定量研究方法对62位高校英语教师进行了调查,旨在研究动机策略重要性的认识程度以及具体运用程度,并探讨两者之间是否存在显著差异。研究结果表明：教师总体上在动机策略的重要性认识程度和实际课堂运用频率上保持很高的一致性,但在实际教学中也存在策略运用不足,主要体现在学生自主能力、课堂任务及教师层面等策略上。传统的以教师为中心的教学方法、应试教育、基础差和大班教学很大程度上影响和制约了教师的动机策略,并限制了学生动机的形成与维持。     

R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms

The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation.     

Impact of light intensity on flowering time and plant quality of Antirrhinum majus L.cultivar Chimes White

Shades of different light intensities (29%, 43%, 54%, 60% or 68%) along with control (no shade) were studied to observe their effects on the flowering time and plant quality. A hyperbolic relationship was observed between different light intensities under shade, and time to flowering. The total number of flower buds showed a curvilinear relationship with light intensities. Growth parameters related to the plant characteristics such as plant height, leaf area and plant fresh weight were improved under shading treatments at the expense of flowering time and number of flower buds. However, both linear and polynomial models applied assumed that cultivar Chimes White was equally sensitive to light intensity throughout development.     

Finding and explaining differences: A reply to Gudykunst and Hammer

A rejoinder to Gudykunst and Hammer's critique of a recent paper is presented. We argue that their position is based on two mutually exclusive propositions and cannot therefore be credible. We continue to maintain that the evidence on intercultural effectiveness shows both culture-general and culture-specific components.     

Selective search, sectoral patterns, and the impact on product innovation performance

The shift toward more open and interconnected innovation activities has been a major topic in recent academic and practitioner discussions. Firms must connect their in-house R&D activities with external partners, such as leading customers or universities, to increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Hence, management needs to define where to search for valuable knowledge in its environment. In this paper we argue that knowledge search has to reflect the heterogeneity of various knowledge sources with regard to the knowledge they can provide and how these sources can be activated. We hypothesize that search strategies driven by science, suppliers and the product market will contribute differently to innovation success with new-to-market versus imitated products. Moreover, we explore the effect of these types of knowledge search within different sectoral patterns of innovation. Our empirical analysis rests on a sample of almost 5000 firms from five Western European countries. The results support our hypotheses and highlight the potentials and shortcomings of different types of knowledge search.     

学习者因素与母语正迁移

二语习得研究表明母语正迁移作用不容忽视。母语正迁移受到诸多因素的影响和制约,其中学习者因素在很大程度上对母语迁移的发挥起到决定性作用。影响和制约母语迁移的学习者因素主要有学习者的意识因素以及学习者的发展期因素等。在前人研究的基础上,探讨和研究学习者因素与母语正迁移的关系有利于对语言正迁移进行全面认识并提高对二语习得本质的理解并促进二语习得。     

"双微"整合教学模式与开发学生多元智能的尝试及思考

根据教学实践，提出将计算机辅助教学和微型实验这两种教学手段，有机整合，形成一种切合当前教学实际的教学手段。用实例证明，通过“双微”整合教学，能取得良好的教学效果。     

玉米幼苗干旱过程中钙的效应

CaCl2处理明显地提高了玉米幼苗的抗旱性，而且能使热激诱导抗旱性过程中的抗氧化酶GR的活性、热稳定蛋白质及游离脯氨酸的含量升高，而降低质膜相对透性，表明CaCl2可能是通过GR、热稳定蛋白质和脯氨酸的抗氧化作用保护细胞膜免受破坏或破坏程度受到削弱而提高植物抗旱性。     

血府逐瘀汤中红花、赤芍、川芎活血作用计算药理学

目的：采用计算药理学研究方法,研究血府逐瘀汤中红花、赤芍、川芎三味中药化合物活血作用靶点效应,阐释多靶点效应。方法：借助于分子对接和数据库搜索技术,探讨血府逐瘀汤活血类成分作用机制。结果：活血作用主要体现与4个活血类靶点Thrombin、TXA2R、PAI-1、factorIXa之间有较好的生物学效应,分别有88、18、59、3个分子与上述靶点有潜在生物学作用,其中羟基红黄色素A（saftlominA）对四个活血类靶点均有作用,并进行了方法学验证。结论：本试验从分子层次上阐释了该方中红花、赤芍、川芎活血作用机理,为该药的临床应用及深入研究提供参考。