The paradox of administrative control in fostering teacher professional development

In this case study, we use a consensus model as a framework for examining the professional development component of a standards-based reform effort initiated by a school district in the United States. We describe the district's actions, analyze the extent of adherence to the model, and identify reasons for what occurred. Although administrators intended to adopt key design principles of effective professional development, specific implementation strategies undermined and contradicted these principles. Their response to increasing bureaucratic controls at the state and national levels translated into increased regulation and control at the district and school levels, which paradoxically restricted the very attributes they sought to enhance.     

美国“共同核心州立标准”中K～2年级语言标准简介

美国2010年颁布的"共同核心州立标准"包括《共同核心州立数学标准》和《共同核心州立英语语言标准》。本文介绍了《共同核心州立英语语言标准》的目标、结构以及K～2年级的具体内容。这份标准对我国《3～6岁儿童学习与发展指南》的制订与实施有借鉴意义。     

美国《新一代科学教育标准》述评

长期以来,美国都受到其基础教育质量不高,中小学学生科学素养不足的困扰。近年来美国出台了一系列关于科学教育的国家标准。1996年美国推出了《国家科学教育标准》（以下简称《标准》）。2010年,美国又颁布了《K-12科学教育框架》（以下简称《框架》）。在此基础上,2013年4月美国又颁布了《新一代科学教育标准》（以下简称《新标准》）。本文在介绍《新标准》提出的背景的基础上,着重介绍《新标准》提出的一些新的观念,并在正视中美客观差异基础上,针对我国国情,提出提高我国科学教育水平的一些建议。     

基于中国会计准则的国际趋同分析

随着经济全球化和资本市场国际化的迅速发展,国际社会会计准则国际化的要求越来越强烈,世界各国正在加快与国际会计准则接轨的步伐,我国也在积极地朝着会计准则国际趋同的方向努力。该文以2006年我国新会计准则为研究对象,首先论述了会计准则的内涵和国际趋同的意义,接着具体分析了国际趋同主要内容,同时指出国际趋同过程中的中国特色,最后总结趋同所面临的主要问题。     

基于创新生态系统的水电工程技术标准国际化路径——英国标准协会(BSI)案例研究

技术标准主导权深刻影响着全球治理的格局与制度安排。“中国水电”“走出去”是中国践行全球治理中国理念和中国方案的重要非正式机制之一,中国水电工程无论是技术水平还是市场份额都位居世界领先,但仍严重受制于欧美国际主流工程技术标准,影响中国在全球治理体系中大国作用的发挥,这对探索中国水电工程技术标准国际化的可行模式和有效路径提出迫切要求。与此同时,欧美国际主流工程技术标准都经历了由国内规范至国际标准成功转化的过程,其中,世界标准之源——英国标准协会(BSI)在英国水电工程技术标准国际化过程中发挥举足轻重的作用,其内在逻辑值得探究与借鉴。因此,本文基于创新生态系统理论、角色理论及技术标准扩散理论,遵循“动因-行为-结果”的逻辑主线对BSI进行案例研究,深入剖析英国水电工程技术标准国际化驱动因素、模式及其演化路径等内在规律,并在中英水电工程技术标准对比基础上,对中国水电工程技术标准“走出去”提出切实可行的对策建议。     

Adverse Childhood Experiences Among MSW Students

This study examined the extent to which age, education, and practice experience among social work graduate students (N = 184) predicted cognitive complexity, an essential aspect of critical thinking. In the regression analysis, education accounted for more of the variance associated with cognitive complexity than age and practice experience. When age and direct practice experience were controlled for, education accounted for 6% of the variance in cognitive complexity. Results suggest that education experience may play a more important role in social work student cognitive complexity than age or practice experience. Implications for social work education and assessing student cognitive development are discussed.     

以《弟子规》构建服务外包职业素养标准探索

随着中国制造业向服务外包产业转型步伐的加快,现有人才培养和输送能力远远满足不了外包企业的用人需求。为企业培养和输送高素质的服务外包技术性应用人才,探索和构建现代服务人才职业素养标准,是现阶段服务外包教育要解决的重要课题。《弟子规》阐释的“弟子”在家、出外、待人、接物与学习上应该恪守的行为规范,正好与责任心、团队合作沟通、职业礼仪规范、情绪与压力控制、正向思维习惯和学习力等服务外包产业员工的五大职业素养形成对应。     

美国早期儿童学习标准体系建设的新趋势——基于宾夕法尼亚州最新《早期儿童学习标准》的个案分析

美国宾夕法尼亚州的《早期儿童学习标准》内容具体、丰富,其体系建设主要表现出如下新趋势:结构成分增多、关键领域延展、面向更广大的儿童、丰富学习的内涵、凸显真实性评价。美国《早期儿童学习标准》体系建设的新趋势对我国即将出台的《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》的推行与完善具有一定的启示意义。     

Committee standards battles in the era of convergence: Implications for smart systems

By now, there have been many standards battles fought within the same industry or by multiple industries in the market-based standardization. In these battles, incompatible standards compete to win market dominance. While there is some research on standards battles found within a single committee, competitions in the committee-based standardization between standards from different committees or SDOs are underexplored. This paper categorizes the types of standards battles by the mode of standardization and the heterogeneity of actors. A new type referred to as ‘committee standards battles for converging systems’ is introduced and the dynamics of such battles is explored with two cases. The battle between the electric vehicle charging and the smart meter communication standard and the battle between two different vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication standards are analyzed. The failure in achieving compatibility between different committee standards on the same frequency bands results in communication interference that adversely affects the operation of smart systems. Social incompatibilities between actors and alliances from a mix of industries with vested interests towards a particular standard complicate the battling scene. The findings provide implications in terms of heterogeneity, actors, and government role in standards battles.     

模因论“翻译标准多元互补”解读

辜正坤先生提出“翻译标准多元互补”一说,引起译界争议。有疑者认为：此说会导致翻译标准的虚无主义。翻译模因论强调规范模因与竞争模因的既相互斗争又相互依存,且可相互转化的特征。本文借此给“翻译标准多元互补”予以支持,并以此佐证其正确性。