不同运动强度健身跑对促进女大学生骨骼健康效果的比较研究

目的:探讨不同运动强度的健身跑对促进女性大学生骨骼健康的效果.方法:选取51名女性大学生,设计不同运动强度的健身跑干预方案,进行为期12个月的运动干预,其中实验1组(较大运动强度组)15人,运动时心率控制在140-160次/min,实验2组(中小运动强度组)16人,运动心率控制在100-120次/min,实验对照组20人,在实验前后分别测试研究对象的骨密度(BMD)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血清骨钙素(BGP).结果:①实验1组的股骨BMD、血清ALP、血清BGP实验前后比较及实验后与对照组比较差异具有高度显著性(P<0.01),腰椎BMD差异具有显著性(P<0.05),尺桡骨BMD差异不具有显著性;②实验2组的股骨BMD、血清ALP、血清BGP实验前后比较及实验后与对照组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05);腰椎BMD、尺桡骨BMD差异不具有显著性.结论:①较大运动强度的健身跑锻炼在促进青年女性骨健康方面效果显著,健骨效果优于中小强度的健身跑;②健身跑运动对人体BMD的影响存在部位特异性.     

肝脏脂质代谢与自噬

肥胖患者肝脏中过量的脂质堆积可引起肝细胞内质网应激、线粒体功能紊乱和脂毒性,该作用与胰岛素抵抗（IR）和非酒精性脂肪肝病（NALFLD）等代谢紊乱疾病的发生密切相关。自噬是细胞对内外持续性刺激的非损伤性应答反应,具有维持细胞结构和代谢平衡的功能。研究发现,自噬参与降解肝细胞内过多的脂质堆积,维持肝脏脂质代谢稳态。本文介绍了自噬调节肝脏脂质代谢的分子作用机制。     

丙酮酸补充对游泳大鼠脂肪代谢的影响及机理研究

研究目的：以游泳大鼠为研究对象，通过检测其补充丙酮酸过程中身体成分和脂肪代谢的变化，探讨丙酮酸补充对游泳大鼠脂肪代谢的影响度机理。研究方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠38只随机分为4组（安慰剂对照组、运动组对照、补充丙酮酸对照组和补充丙酮酸运动组）。采用沉淀法测定大鼠血清LDL-C和HDL-C水平；酶法测定血清TC和TG；比色法测定血清LPS、LPL和HL。结果：4周丙酮酸补充可明显减缓游泳大鼠体重和体脂增长速度，明显降低大鼠血清TC水平及游泳大鼠血清LDL-C水平。同时，丙酮酸补充可明显提高游泳大鼠血清LPL含量，江一定程度地降低其血清HL水平。结论：丙酮酸补充可在一定程度上减慢游泳大鼠体重和体脂的增长速度，加快其能量代谢速度；可能会通过影响游泳大鼠脂肪代谢相关调控酶水平，使其血脂水平下降，进而影响其脂肪代谢过程。     

运动对绝经后女性骨代谢的影响

论述了运动对绝经后女性骨质的影响,为运动防治绝经后骨质疏松提供了理论依据。     

运动和选择性雌激素受体调节剂结合对绝经后女性骨代谢的影响

骨质疏松症是世界范围内严重的公共卫生问题,是老年人尤其是绝经后妇女常见、多发的骨代谢疾病,己成为危害人类健康的土要疾病。骨质疏松症的预防和治疗中运动疗法被广大人群所接受的一种必要手段,雌激素的替代疗法对绝经后女性骨质疏松的治疗也被普遍采用。本文在查阅了近10年的文献基础上通过文献资料法对分别将运动利选择性雌激素调节剂对绝经后女性骨代谢的影响进行了综述,并着重从骨生物力学方而对骨质疏松的防治进行了可行性分析。     

Non-targeted metabolomics in sport and exercise science

Metabolomics incorporates the study of metabolites that are produced and released through physiological processes at both the systemic and cellular levels. Biological compounds at the metabolite level are of paramount interest in the sport and exercise sciences, although research in this field has rarely been referred to with the global ‘omics terminology. Commonly studied metabolites in exercise science are notably within cellular pathways for adenosine triphosphate production such as glycolysis (e.g., pyruvate and lactate), β-oxidation of free fatty acids (e.g., palmitate) and ketone bodies (e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate). Non-targeted metabolomic technologies are able to simultaneously analyse the large numbers of metabolites present in human biological samples such as plasma, urine and saliva. These analytical technologies predominately employ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Performing experiments based on non-targeted methods allows for systemic metabolite changes to be analysed and compared to a particular physiological state (e.g., pre-/post-exercise) and provides an opportunity to prospect for metabolite signatures that offer beneficial information for translation into an exercise science context, for both elite performance and public health monitoring. This narrative review provides an introduction to non-targeted metabolomic technologies and discusses current and potential applications in sport and exercise science.     

Beyond muscle: the effects of creatine supplementation on brain creatine,cognitive processing,and traumatic brain injury

Abstract

The ergogenic and therapeutic effects of increasing muscle creatine by supplementation are well-recognized. It appears that similar benefits to brain function and cognitive processing may also be achieved with creatine supplementation, however research in this area is more limited, and important knowledge gaps remain. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about the influence of creatine supplementation on brain function in healthy individuals. It appears that brain creatine is responsive to supplementation, however higher, or more prolonged dosing strategies than those typically used to increase muscle creatine, may be required to elicit an increase in brain creatine. The optimal dosing strategy to induce this response, is currently unknown, and there is an urgent need for studies investigating this. When considering the influence of supplementation strategies on cognitive processes, it appears that creatine is most likely to exert an influence in situations whereby cognitive processes are stressed, e.g. during sleep deprivation, experimental hypoxia, or during the performance of more complex, and thus more cognitively demanding tasks. Evidence exists indicating that increased brain creatine may be effective at reducing the severity of, or enhancing recovery from mild traumatic brain injury, however, only limited data in humans are available to verify this hypothesis, thus representing an exciting area for further research.     

物质代谢生物氧化还原测定方法

物质代谢生物氧化还原测定方法,是一个方法简便、速度快、效果更好的比较研究光合综合作用强度及呼吸作用强度的新方法。本文首次提出它的测定方法及在生产实践中取得的一些测定结果。     

补益中药干预对体育专业健美操专项学生代谢能力的影响

探索中医＂补益药＂对体育专业健美操专项学生代谢能力积极影响作用。运用运动生理、生化相关指标对受试学生进行建模实验,将受试学生分为实验组与对照组,实验10周后进行相关生理、生化指标统计。结果发现,以补血、补阴类为主的补益药符合辨证施治的原则,对运动氧代谢有积极作用。实验组血色素、无氧功、Vo2max、最大运动能力在大强度训练后较对照组有显著提高肯定了补益中药对人体氧代谢能力的重要性。     

太极拳锻炼对在职警察血脂和血管壁弹性的影响效果

研究目的:探究太极拳锻炼对警察血脂和血管壁弹性的影响效果。研究方法:在哈尔滨市区内招募在职警察105名,随机分为太极组、快走组和对照组,分别于实验前、实验24周后,分别采用Gp O-p Ap法、化学发光法、酶法和浊度法测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL);采用科林全自动动脉硬化测定仪,进行踝肱指数(ABI)与肱踝脉搏波传导速度(bapWV)的测量。研究结果:实验24周后,太极组TC含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值(TC/HDL)显著低于对照组和快走组(P<0.05);快走组TC/HDL显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。太极组两侧bapWV非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01),快走组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结论:太极拳锻炼在降低在职警察的总胆固醇含量、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值,以及肱踝动脉的脉搏波传导速度方面优于快走运动,能够有效降低动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等心血管疾病的发生几率。