高等院校生物专业部分学科之间重复内容的教法探讨

以生物化学、植物生理学和微生物学的重复内容——糖代谢为研究对象,对高等院校生物专业各学科之间重复内容的教法进行了探讨。介绍了对比教学法、导思教学法、图解教学法和研讨教学法的教学过程和教学效果。认为采用多种教学方法可有效地提高课堂教学效率,有利于提高学生的学习热情,充分发挥学生的学习自主性,发展学生的创造力。     

赤霉素对杂交水稻生育后期氮代谢的调控作用

杂交水稻(Oryza sativa subsp indica)农艺性状优良,表现了强大的增产优势。杂交水稻的氮代谢与其农艺性状密切相关,然而关于杂交水稻的氮代谢及氮代谢调控的研究较少。赤霉素对植物有着广泛影响,在杂交水稻生育后期用适当浓度的赤霉酸(GA_3)溶液处理,对其同化物的积累和转运及活性氧清除剂的活力等方面都有明显的促进作用(曾富华、罗泽民,1991、1993)。本试验以硝酸还原酶活力(NRA)、谷—丙转氨酶活力(GPTA)等作指标,选用威优35(V35,后健组合)和威优49(V49,早衰组合)为材料,大田小区裁     

强化教育对新诊断的2型糖尿病患者糖代谢的影响

探讨结构化强化教育项目在新诊断的2型糖尿病门诊患者血糖控制中的作用。新诊断的2型糖尿病门诊患者74例随机分为强化教育组和对照组,对照组接受医院常规指导;教育组接受为期3天的强化教育项目,研究时间共12个月。经重复测量方差分析,两组患者教育前后空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)测量值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);强化教育组在教育后6、12个月末各指标改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,结构化糖尿病教育有助于新诊断的2型糖尿病门诊患者血糖的控制。     

糖尿病造成的代谢紊乱

本文介绍了糖尿病的分类、症状、成因,主要论述了糖尿病造成的代谢紊乱。     

两种游泳训练方式对大鼠心肌功能的影响

SD大鼠54只，随机分为对照组，高强度无氧间歇训练组，耐力性持续训练组，训练方式为强制游泳，研究长期训练后心肌功能和代谢变化之间的关系，以及长期高强度无氧训练与耐力性有氧训练对心肌的作用及其差异，结果表明，不同的训练方式对心脏的影响不同，耐力训练可促使心肌收缩能力增强，有氧能力提高；长期高强度无氧训练虽然能使心肌无氧能力有所提高，但却由于心脏负荷过重导致心肌收缩能力降低，尤以舒张功能下降出现得较早较明显。     

世界咖啡法在五年制高职护理专业《内科护理学》实践教学中的应用研究

目的:探讨世界咖啡法在《内科护理学》实践教学中的应用效果。方法:整群抽样我校高职护理2015级某班38名护生,随机分2组,在校三年平均成绩略低的组为试验组采用世界咖啡法教学方式,略高的组为对照组采用传统教学方式。比较两组学生成绩及对教学的评价。结果:试验组测验成绩高于对照组(P<0.05),且学生的满意度较高。结论:基于PBL教学方法的以自主学习为核心的世界咖啡法可提高《内科护理学》的实践教学效果。     

竞技健美操与健身健美操的能量代谢特点及意义

物质和能量代谢是各组织器官机能活动的基础 ,运用其能量代谢规律指导竞技健美操与健身健美操的训练 .     

获得性骨密度增量在体育教师体内的演变趋势研究

本文对曾经进行过10年以上专业武术训练又放弃锻炼习惯的在职武术教师以及从事文科教学的普通教师的跟骨骨密度、骨硬度和血清学骨代谢指标进行测量。研究发现,在散打、套路和文科教师的年龄、身高、体重和体重身/高指数无显著差异的情况下,武术教师的跟骨骨密度和骨硬度显著高于文科教师(P<0.01),散打教师和套路教师之间无显著差异(P>0.05);骨密度与骨硬度之间相关性显著(r=0.844,P<0.01);散打教师和套路教师的骨形成血清学代谢指标显著高于文科教师(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结果提示青少年时期进行专项武术训练不仅可以提高骨密度和骨硬度,这种优势在放弃锻炼习惯多年后仍可维持。     

The influence of carbohydrate and protein ingestion during recovery from prolonged exercise on subsequent endurance performance

Abstract

Ingesting carbohydrate plus protein following prolonged exercise may restore exercise capacity more effectively than ingestion of carbohydrate alone. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this potential benefit is a consequence of the protein fraction per se or simply due to the additional energy it provides. Six active males participated in three trials, each involving a 90-min treadmill run at 70% maximal oxygen uptake (run 1) followed by a 4-h recovery. At 30-min intervals during recovery, participants ingested solutions containing: (1) 0.8 g carbohydrate · kg body mass (BM)^?1 · h^?1 plus 0.3 g · kg^?1 · h^?1 of whey protein isolate (CHO-PRO); (2) 0.8 g carbohydrate · kg BM^?1 · h^?1 (CHO); or (3) 1.1 g carbohydrate · kg BM^?1 · h^?1 (CHO-CHO). The latter two solutions matched the CHO-PRO solution for carbohydrate and for energy, respectively. Following recovery, participants ran to exhaustion at 70% maximal oxygen uptake (run 2). Exercise capacity during run 2 was greater following ingestion of CHO-PRO and CHO-CHO than following ingestion of CHO (P ≤ 0.05) with no significant difference between the CHO-PRO and CHO-CHO treatments. In conclusion, increasing the energy content of these recovery solutions extended run time to exhaustion, irrespective of whether the additional energy originated from sucrose or whey protein isolate.     

Interleukin-6: Possible biological roles during exercise

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that exerts its modulatory effects on cells that express membrane bound IL-6 receptors; however, IL-6 in a complex with soluble IL-6R can bind to any cell that express glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Thus, all cell types may respond to the pro- as well as anti-inflammatory properties of IL-6. Since the first report of acute exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6 in the early 1990s, scientists have tried to elucidate the factors that influence the magnitude of change of plasma IL-6, as well as the possible biological roles of this cytokine. Evidence suggests that exercise intensity and duration as well as the form of contraction (e.g. eccentric or concentric) and muscle damage all influence IL-6 response to acute exercise. However, data on training status and performance on plasma IL-6 concentration changes during exercise are more inconclusive, as discussed in this review. In the last decade, most of the studies have focused on IL-6 as an ‘energy sensor’ possibly secreted by skeletal muscle that activates glycogenolysis in the liver and lipolysis in fat tissue in order to provide muscle with the growing energy demands during exercise.