美国专家谈如何降低未成年人上网的危险性

为了使未成年人上网的危险性降至最低,美国专家建议应根据具体情况综合使用以下方法:使用“过滤”或“堵塞”软件类技术、运用法律、给予父母般的关注、利用文化和社会的影响、进行“儿童行为免疫”或“态度接种”、对上网环境进行制度上的监督等方法。     

Focus in creative learning: drawing on art for language development

This article asks what happens to the learning of young children when they work regularly with a professional visual artist in their school. Through Creative Partnerships, a national programme initiated in 2002 to bring creative professionals into schools across England, some school children have had the opportunity for sustained project work with artists. Examined here is the context in which children (ages 4, 5, 6 and 7) worked one day a week during the academic year of 2003–2004 with Roy Smith, resident artist in Hythe Community School. Key to the children's drawing, painting and talking was close focused attention on details of three‐dimensional objects, portraits, still‐life works and their own creations. Smith's conversations with the children routinely included three and four‐syllable technical terms, biographical details of artists' lives and comparative critiques. Within several months, the art of the children reflected understanding of concepts such as foregrounding, and they showed confidence in working with problems Smith set up for them (“What do you think would happen if …?”). Particularly important here is the combination of manual and linguistic work that demands attention to detail, receptive understanding of complex terms and processes, and familiarity with the analytical and sequential thinking needed to identify and solve problems.     

实验室多元化管理模式的探讨

目前高等学校实验室管理普遍存在几个弊端，表现为：一方面重物轻人，影响办学效益；另一方面缺乏应有的成材空间，高水平管理者短缺；另外，实验教学得不到应有的重视，影响教学质量。针对这几个方面的问题，提出了实施实验室多元化的管理模式。     

不遵守Bell不等式的量子缠绕(英文)

给出正交态及非正交态的量子缠绕，通过分析两个实例，发现能够产生不遵守Bell不等式最大限度的缠绕态。     

基于导频和变换域的SISO/MIMO OFDM系统自适应信道估计

根据导频信号在变换域中的频响特性,将系统的变换域滤波器设计成具有更好滤波效果的"带阻滤波器";在小信噪比和大信噪比条件下,分析了变换域能量参数对系统信道估计性能的影响,推导了新的能量参数表达式,理论证明了根据接收端检测到的信噪比自适应选择能量参数可以显著改善信道估计的性能.仿真结果表明,提出的信道估计算法具有较好的性能,在一定程度上可以接近于理想信道估计的性能,适用于SISO OFDM系统和MIMO OFDM系统.     

试论成人高等教育管理的市场理念

本文通过对新形势下成人高等教育管理市场理念的内涵、客观依据做了深入的分析,并结合我国当前成人高等教育管理中存在的突出问题提出了相应的对策和建议,以期对我国成人高等教育的改革和发展有所启发和借鉴。     

关于小学教师对学生注意问题的认识及策略的研究

本研究采用质的研究方法,探讨了小学教师对学生注意问题的内隐认识和采取的教育策略。研究发现:学生的注意问题在小学阶段是一个很普遍而且使教师十分困扰的问题;教师的认识既有合理之处也有非科学认识参与其中;教师的策略反映了一定的因材施教能力,同时表现出小学教师教育技能亟待提高的现状;有些教师对"多动症"的估计超过在儿童群体中大约5％的ADHD儿童的平均水平;学校环境中,"班容量"是一个影响教师对学生注意问题准确认识不容忽视的因素。     

眼动追踪技术在高校课堂教学中的应用研究

近些年,眼动追踪技术发展迅速并已在诸多领域得以应用。基于此,文章开展了眼动追踪技术在教学领域应用的研究,通过眼动追踪技术得到可视化的关注热点图及兴趣区域关注度,并以此为依据,文章分别研究了手机、投影仪及传统板书三种教学内容呈现方式及教室空间位置对学生注意力的影响,以及眼动追踪技术在实验教学中的应用。实验结果表明,眼动追踪技术与教学的融合,能够为优选教学内容呈现方式、扩大教室“黄金区域”、开展对实验操作的过程性评价、提高教学质量、推进课堂革命提供有力支持。     

The Effect of Fine Motor Skill Activities on Kindergarten Student Attention

This study explored the effect of fine motor skill activities on the development of attention in kindergarteners (n = 68) in five classes at a suburban public school in the Intermountain West through a pretest/posttest experimental group (n = 36) control group (n = 32) design. All children received the regular curriculum which included typical fine motor activities such as painting, coloring, writing, and play activities with small items. The treatment was a series of supplemental fine motor activities in which children used tongs, tweezers, and spoons to move small items. The assessment was the attention subtest of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) (Naglieri, J. A., & Das, J. P. (1997a). Cognitive assessment system. Itasca, IL: Riverside). A significant group × sex interaction with females positively responding to the treatment was found, suggesting that fine motor skill activities are effective in increasing female kindergartners’ attention. Further studies exploring effective materials for males and factors such as student choice and interest are needed.     

Effect of prior domain knowledge and headings on processing of informative text

College students with either high or low prior domain knowledge (PK) read a text chapter presented in short pages on a computer monitor. Half of the participants read with headings present and half with headings absent. The computer recorded time spent reading and rereading each short page. Learning was assessed through a structured recall task. In general, headings seem to improve recall of high importance information, and headings were more effective for high PK learners. Analysis of time data showed that participants with headings spent more time per word reading the pages with headings than participants that did not have headings. Prior knowledge had no effect on attention to either high importance information or important supporting detail. Low prior knowledge readers decreased the amount of time spent reading each word as they progressed through the passage and neither the presence nor absence of headings influenced this effect.