International research networks in pharmaceuticals: Structure and dynamics

Knowledge production and scientific research have become increasingly more collaborative and international, particularly in pharmaceuticals. We analyze this tendency in general and tie formation in international research networks on the country level in particular. Based on a unique dataset of scientific publications related to pharmaceutical research and applying social network analysis, we find that both the number of countries and their connectivity increase in almost all disease group specific networks. The cores of the networks consist of high income OECD countries and remain rather stable over time. Using network regression techniques to analyze the network dynamics our results indicate that accumulative advantages based on connectedness and multi-connectivity are positively related to changes in the countries’ collaboration intensity whereas various indicators on similarity between countries do not allow for unambiguous conclusions.     

Differences in the rates of return to R&D for European and US young leading R&D firms

This paper examines the sources of Europe's lagging business R&D performance relative to the US, particularly the role played by missing young leading innovators in high technology intensive sectors in Europe. It investigates through econometric analysis differences in the rates of return to R&D of European and US large R&D firms. It finds that, while in the US, young firms succeed in realizing significantly higher rates of return to R&D as compared to their older counterparts, including in high-tech sectors, European firms fail to generate significant rates of return, even if they are Yollies and even if they are in high-tech sectors. These findings can at least partly explain why Europe has less R&D intensive young leading innovators in high technology intensive sectors.     

(International) R&D collaboration and SMEs: The effectiveness of targeted public R&D support schemes

This study analyses the impact and effectiveness of targeted public support for R&D investment at the firm level. We test whether the policy design aiming at incentivizing (international) collaboration and R&D in SMEs achieves input as well as output additionality. Our results show that the targeted public subsidies trigger R&D spending, especially so in internationally collaborating SMEs. We further evaluate the different impact of privately financed and publicly induced R&D investment on innovation performance. The results confirm that the publicly induced R&D is productive as it translates into marketable product innovations. While both types of R&D investments trigger significant output effects, the effect of policy-induced R&D investment on sales from market novelties is highest for international collaborators as well as for SMEs.     

Multinational subsidiary knowledge protection—Do mandates and clusters matter?

International knowledge spillovers, especially through multinational companies (MNCs), have recently been a major topic of academic and management debate. However, most studies treat MNC subsidiaries as relatively passive actors. We challenge this assumption by investigating the drivers of knowledge protection intensity of MNC subsidiaries. We argue that knowledge protection intensity is determined by MNC subsidiary mandates and by opportunities and risks originating from the host region. We hypothesize that not just competence-creating but also competence-exploiting mandates increase knowledge protection intensity. In addition, technological cluster regions in the host country can be expected to provide opportunities for knowledge sourcing and MNC subsidiaries may be willing to protect knowledge less intensively to participate in cluster networks. We test our hypotheses using a dataset of 694 observations of 631 MNC subsidiaries in Germany and develop recommendations for research, managers and policy makers.     

多相Fenton-like催化剂Fe_2V_4O_(13)对AO Ⅱ的催化降解研究

含钒的化合物能够有效地催化H2O2,因此可作为多元Fenton-like催化剂中的有效组份之一,Fe2V4O13中存在Fe(Ⅲ)和V(V)同时和协同活化H2O2的可能性。通过液相合成法制备了Fe2V4O13,并对其对AOⅡ的催化活性进行了研究,研究表明,Fe2V4O13是一种新型高效稳定的多相Fenton-like催化剂。     

基于O*NET工作分析系统的高校体育教师绩效研究

采用O*NET工作分析系统中的工作技能、工作风格和工作价值观问卷对660名高校体育教师进行调查,研究表明:高校体育教师O*NET工作技能问卷包含专业技能、认知技能和社会技能,工作风格问卷包含关系导向、事业导向和创新导向,工作价值观问卷包括工作条件、自我实现、独立自主和环境支持,各因子均具有良好的内部一致性信度;O*NET问卷所包含的因子在任务完成情况、学生体育成绩、学生比赛成绩和教学研究成果四个方面对高校体育教师的工作绩效起到正向预测作用;高校体育教师的教龄能显著正向预测学生比赛成绩和教学研究成果两方面的工作绩效,职称高的体育教师取得高工作绩效的可能性大于职称低的。     

伦敦奥运会皮划艇1000m项目前三名分段成绩分析与启示

统计了2012年伦敦奥运会皮划艇1 000mK1、K2、K4、C1和C2共5个项目决赛前三名的分段成绩,分析与归纳分段成绩呈现出的特点,对提升中国皮划艇长距离项目训练和比赛水平提出了建议。     

一类特殊完全r-部图的邻强边染色

研究了一类特殊完全r-部图K(r,n,n,…,n,n-1)的邻强边染色.证明了当m r≡0(m od2)时,有x'as(K(r,n,n,…,n,n-1))=n(r-1).     

第十届全运会男子篮球决赛进攻失误分析

通过对十运会男子篮球决赛阶段的46场篮球比赛现场统计,对篮球比赛中的进攻失误的原因、方式等因素分析,针对失误的情况提出可行性的建议,为我国运动员在篮球比赛中减少和避免失误提供参考依据。     

由十运会看中国竞技体育实力现状及第29届奥运会取得突破的方向

通过对十运会成绩与我国在第27、28届奥运会上的比赛结果进行横向与纵向的比较分析,分析我国目前的竞技体育实力现状:传统优势项目得到巩固,潜优势项目实现突破,同时也呈现出项目发展不平衡、高水平后备人才缺乏及科学化训练程度不高等制约我国竞技体育可持续发展的诸多问题。进一步深化体制改革、坚持与完善我国竞技体育的“举国体制”,加强后备人才的开发与培养,建立训练、科研、医疗三位一体的科技服务体系,加大反兴奋剂力度,在调整项目结构、完善项目布局的同时,突出女子项目和“119工程”项目的重点发展是我国竞技体育在2008年奥运会上取得突破的方向。