From knowledge to added value: A comparative, panel-data analysis of the innovation value chain in Irish and Swiss manufacturing firms

The innovation value chain (IVC) divides the innovation process into three separate links or activities: knowledge gathering, knowledge transformation and knowledge exploitation. Here, we report a comparative panel data analysis of the IVC in Ireland and Switzerland. Both economies are small, very open and depend significantly on innovation to maintain competitive advantage. In recent years, however, R&D and innovation growth in Ireland has been markedly stronger than that in Switzerland. We investigate these differences through the ‘lens’ of the IVC. Significant similarities exist between some aspects of firms’ innovation behaviour in each country: strong complementarities emerge between external knowledge sources and between firms’ internal and external knowledge. And, in both countries, in-house R&D and links to customers prove important drivers of innovation. Innovation drives productivity growth in different ways in the two countries, however, through product change in Switzerland and through process change in Ireland. Other differences in the determinants of innovation performance linked to ownership and firms’ institutional context emphasise the systemic nature of innovation and the legacy of past patterns of industrial development.     

Selective search, sectoral patterns, and the impact on product innovation performance

The shift toward more open and interconnected innovation activities has been a major topic in recent academic and practitioner discussions. Firms must connect their in-house R&D activities with external partners, such as leading customers or universities, to increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Hence, management needs to define where to search for valuable knowledge in its environment. In this paper we argue that knowledge search has to reflect the heterogeneity of various knowledge sources with regard to the knowledge they can provide and how these sources can be activated. We hypothesize that search strategies driven by science, suppliers and the product market will contribute differently to innovation success with new-to-market versus imitated products. Moreover, we explore the effect of these types of knowledge search within different sectoral patterns of innovation. Our empirical analysis rests on a sample of almost 5000 firms from five Western European countries. The results support our hypotheses and highlight the potentials and shortcomings of different types of knowledge search.     

The impact of national research funds: A regression discontinuity approach to the Chilean FONDECYT

This paper analyses the role of national research funds in promoting scientific production in emerging economies. The study focuses on the impact of the Chilean National Science and Technology Research Fund (FONDECYT). The analysis uses data drawn from international sources of bibliometric information combined with the administrative records of the program's executing unit. To measure the program's impact, we implement a regression discontinuity (RD) design on principal researchers who applied for funding between 1988 and 1997 considering as outcomes both quantity (publications up to 2002) and quality (citations up to 2005) of their scientific production. Our results show significant and positive impact in terms of publications, but no impact in terms of quality of scientific production in the proximity of the program's threshold ranking.     

一·二八事变期间国民政府对日政策评析

国民政府处理一·二八事变的基本出发点是：首先实现中日停战,然后通过外交途径解决争端。为此,国民政府在军事、政治与外交方面多管齐下。显见,此时国民政府对日政策与九一八事变时期相比发生了一定的变化。这既折射出中日民族矛盾的进一步激化,也说明国民政府的对日政策开始发生微妙的调整。然而,国民政府对日政策的核心仍是基于依赖国际调停的方式来解决中日争端。国民政府对日态度未发生根本性变化。     

基于PIC18F4550和DirectDraw技术的廉价高速虚拟示波器

因价格原因,廉价虚拟示波器存在数据采集速度慢、数据传输到计算机的速度慢、波形显示反应慢等瓶颈等问题。文章使用A／D转换芯片MAX1002实现模拟量的高速采集,使用USB单片机PIC18F4550实现数据的高速传输,使用DirectDraw技术解决显示速度慢问题。文章详细论述了系统的硬件与软件设计。     

ZrV_2O_7/Al复合梯度材料制备及特性研究

采用湿化学/高温煅烧法制备ZrV2O7粉末,并以其和金属Al粉为原料,利用粉末冶金法的堆层技术制备ZrV2O7/Al复合梯度材料。通过XRD、SEM抗热震性实验分析,研究了材料的组织及强度。结果表明:湿化学/高温煅烧法制备的ZrV2O7粉末纯度高;在ZrV2O7/Al复合梯度材料中沿梯度材料纵截面方向的成分梯度过渡明显,各层之间结合紧密。热震性实验表明,ZrV2O7/Al梯度材料的耐高温强度高,各层之间粘结性好。     

《好人难寻》的叙述声音研究

弗兰纳里·奥康纳是20世纪美国南方文学杰出的女作家,她的作品笔锋犀利,见解独特且富有诗意。本文主要从叙述声音的角度,通过她的著名短篇小说《好人难寻》的叙述声音的具体分析,充分展示该小说叙述的复杂性以及叙述者与小说审美之间的关系。     

化学共沉淀法合成锂离子电池LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了锂离子电池层状LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料。采用TG/SDTA、XRD和SEM对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的成分、结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,在900℃下煅烧15h制得的材料结晶程度最佳,样品具有最大I（003）/I（104）强比值,层状结构特征最为突出。从单个颗粒来看,样品表面光滑,界面清晰,粒子呈类球状,粒径大约在0.5μm左右,分散较为均匀。另外,添加剂对粒子形貌具有一定的影响。     

以十八大精神引领社区教育发展新局面

党的十八大提出要努力办好人民满意的教育。新时期,社区教育的发展要以十八大精神为引领,以办好居民满意社区教育为目标,密切联系社区教育实际,实现科学发展、持续发展、品质发展。     

Fe3O4（100）／STO（100）薄膜的制备及磁输运特性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法,以烧结的Fe3O4为靶材,在STO（100）基底上制备了Fe3O4（100）薄膜。XRD和AFM显示薄膜为纯相外延单晶薄膜、表面较平整。对薄膜的磁电阻进行测量,薄膜为负磁电阻,且在Verwey转变温度（约120K）时磁电阻最大。霍尔效应测量得到薄膜中栽流子浓度随着温度的降低而减小,In（n）与I／T基本呈线性关系,符合半导体热激活模型,迁移率随着温度的降低而减小,说明在薄膜内存在大量电离杂质中心。薄膜磁滞回线中较高的饱和磁化场。说明薄膜中APBs密度较低。