The quality vs. the quantity of schooling: What drives economic growth?

This paper challenges Hanushek and Woessmann's (2008) contention that the quality and not the quantity of schooling determines a nation's rate of economic growth. I first show that their statistical analysis is flawed. I then show that when a nation's average test scores and average schooling attainment are included in a national income model, both measures explain income differences, but schooling attainment has greater statistical significance. The high correlation between a nation's average schooling attainment, cumulative investment in schooling, and average tests scores indicates that average schooling attainment implicitly measures the quality as well as the quantity of schooling.     

The impact of child labor on schooling outcomes in Nicaragua

Child labor is considered a key obstacle to reaching the international commitments of Education For All. However, the empirical evidence on the effects of child labor on educational attainments is mostly limited to static measurements. This paper assesses the consequences of child labor on schooling outcomes over time by employing a three-year longitudinal household data set from Nicaragua. The potential endogeneity of past child labor and school outcomes is addressed through instrumental variables. The time a child dedicates to work is found to have harmful consequences on subsequent educational achievements, even after controlling for previous human capital accumulation and other factors. In particular, working over three hours a day is associated with school failure in the medium term. A distinction by type of work shows that time spent in market production has larger negative effects on school outcomes than time spent performing household chores.     

前躯体煅烧法制备Cr2O3微/纳米球

采用前躯体煅烧法制备了无机微/纳米材料Cr2O3.利用有机碱的缓慢水解,用无机盐铬源,在水和乙醇或者其他混合溶剂中进行水热反应,首先制得前躯体Cr（OH）3,然后通过煅烧得到Cr2O3微/纳米粒子.通过对比实验,发现影响前躯体和最终产物尺寸大小的主要因素是所使用的有机碱（沉淀剂）的种类.对前躯体采用红外光谱（IR）和热重分析（TG）进行了表征,对产物采用X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）进行了表征.     

生物合成Cr2O3纳米颗粒

微生物还原固定铬对Cr（VI）污染环境修复具有重要意义。筛选获得一株Cr（VI）还原菌株XMCr-6,并对其生物还原固定Cr（VI）进行了研究。动力学实验显示Cr（VI）是先还原,然后吸附固定在细胞表面。XPS分析表明铬在细胞表面主要是以三价的形式存在,高分辨透射电镜结合能谱分析进一步证实是形成Cr2O3纳米颗粒。     

花状氧化铁的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

研究目的：研究花状氧化铁的制备并探讨其对砷的吸附性能和亚甲基蓝的催化性能。 创新要点：1.合成了花状氧化铁;2.发现Langmuir模型能更好地模拟砷的吸附过程;3.发现花状氧化铁对亚甲基蓝有很好的催化降解性能。 研究方法：1.使用扫描电镜、投射电镜、X射线衍射和BET比表面及孔径分析仪对合成的花状氧化铁进行表征;2.采用静态实验法研究砷的吸附性能及亚甲基蓝的催化行为。 重要结论：1.采用一种低成本的溶剂热法合成了花状氧化铁;2.合成的花状氧化铁有着较大的比表面积并对砷有着很好的吸附性能,并且吸附率随着pH的增加而降低。同时发现Langmuir模型能更好地模拟砷的吸附过程;3.亚甲基蓝的初始浓度和花状氧化铁的用量对催化性能影响较为明显,花状氧化铁有较好的重复利用性;4.合成的花状氧化铁可以应用于大批废水的处理。     

Co-Pi和Cu2O共修饰TiO2薄膜及其光电化学性质研究

用阳极氧化法在Ti基片上制备出TiO2薄膜,然后通过电化学沉积法将Co-Pi和Cu2O沉积在TiO2薄膜表面.通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射和光电化学性质测试,发现TiO2薄膜表面先沉积Co-Pi能够有效阻止Cu2O颗粒堆积,光电流显著提高.而先沉积Cu2O后沉积Co-Pi,则会使Cu2O还原为Cu,同时形貌发生改变.特别地,沉积300秒Co-Pi后再沉积Cu2O颗粒,能得到200 mA/cm2的最大光电流.     

H3PW（12）O（40）在H2O2催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸中的应用

以H3PW12O40为催化剂,30%H2O2为氧源,催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸.探讨了H3PW12O40对氧化反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了磷钨酸用量、反应温度、H2O2用量、KHSO4用量等因素对产物收率的影响.实验表明：H3PW12O40是合成己二酸的良好催化剂;在n（环己酮）∶n（H2O2）∶n（H3PW12O40）∶n（KHSO4）=100∶388∶0.035∶0.74（固定环己酮用量为0.10 mol,磷钨酸用量0.1g,H2O2用量40 mL,KHSO4用量0.1 g）,反应温度为100℃,反应时间6 h的最佳条件下,己二酸的收率可达49.5%.     

基于TMS320F28035的电梯门机控制器设计

针对基于DSP的电梯门机控制系统,在充分分析电梯门机控制器功能需求的前提下,提出了以TI公司DSP芯片TMS320F28035为核心的电梯门机控制器设计方案,其中包括控制器硬件的模块化设计和软件设计。对所设计的控制器进行现场试验,结果表明,门机运行平稳,速度跟随性好,控制器能够很好地完成电梯门机运行过程中的控制任务。