钛基铱钽氧化物阳极用于电合成丁二酸的应用研究

以自制的Ti/IrO2＋Ta2O5电极为析氧阳极,以铅为阴极,开展电还原顺丁烯二酸以合成丁二酸的实验研究。结果表明,与传统的铅阳极相比,该电极直流电耗低、寿命长、产品收率有所提高。     

计算极限的方法再探

本文在文献 [1]的基础之上 ,经不断探索又归纳出十五种计算极限的方法 ,权作再续     

More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level

This study investigates the effect of project-level collaboration breadth (i.e., the number of collaboration partner types) and collaboration depth (i.e., the intensity of the interactions with these partners) on the incremental and radical innovation performance of innovation projects. The econometric analyses, based on a Community Innovation Study sample of 218 innovation projects conducted in German manufacturing companies, reveal inverted U-shaped relationships between collaboration breadth and radical innovation performance and between collaboration depth and incremental innovation performance. These curvilinear effects speak to the high sensitivity of innovation projects to the extent of collaborative activity, which implies that practitioners should exert caution in managing collaborative innovation projects. This study contributes to the understanding of project-level open innovation and to the overall understanding of the performance effects of innovation collaboration, which, following recent assertions in the literature, could be flawed by analyses conducted at the organizational level.     

Patenting and US academic research in the 20th century: The world before and after Bayh-Dole

The dramatic growth of patenting and licensing of publicly funded research by American research universities in the closing quarter of the 20th century has stimulated some of the highest-profile debates in science and technology policy today. The issue of what aspects of academic research should be public - and what private - lies at the heart of each of these debates. The movement of academic scientists into commercialisation of discoveries and inventions has been extolled by some as a new model of academic research, one which facilitates economic and social returns from universities. At the same time, this trend has been criticised by others as representing a socially inefficient ‘privatisation’ of academic research and as a threat to the ethos of science itself. This paper places these debates in historical context, with a review of changes in American universities’ patenting policies, procedures and practices throughout the 20th century, an assessment of the logic underlying the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, and an overview of its effects on economic returns from university research.     

Winsock的异步模式探讨

讨论了使用Winsock实现异步通信的I/O模型的特点,通过分析比较,总结了各种I/O模型的适用情况,为应用开发提供了合理的建议。     

多重周期饥饿对奥尼罗非鱼体内蛋白酶活力影响

研究了多重周期饥饿对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.Areus.)肝胰脏及胃肠内蛋白酶活性的影响.分成4组:对照组、饥饿1 d投喂6 d(实验1组)、饥饿2 d投喂5 d(实验2组)和饥饿3 d投喂4 d(实验3组),实验持续56d.结果显示:循环饥饿处理和恢复投喂后,肝胰脏内胰蛋白酶的活力表现高度一致,实验1组均显著高于对照组和实验3组(P<0.05);胃肠内胰蛋白酶活力随循环饥饿时间的延长逐渐下降,恢复投喂后实验1组胃肠内胰蛋白酶活力显著高于其它三组(P<0.05);肝胰脏和胃肠内胃蛋白酶活力随循环饥饿时间延长均逐步下降,恢复投喂后肝胰脏及胃肠内胃蛋白酶活力从高至低依次为:实验1组、实验2组、实验3组和对照组.     

Innovation persistence: Survey and case-study evidence

Evidence on the persistence of innovation sheds light on the nature of the innovation process and can guide appropriate policy development. This paper examines innovation persistence in Ireland and Northern Ireland using complementary quantitative and case-study approaches. Panel data derived from innovation surveys is used, and suggests very different results to previous analyses of innovation persistence primarily based on patents data. Product and process innovation are found to exhibit strong general persistence but we find no evidence that persistence is stronger among highly active innovators. Our quantitative evidence is most strongly consistent with a process of cumulative accumulation at plant level. Our case-studies highlight a number of factors which can either interrupt or stimulate this process including market volatility, plants’ organisational context and regulatory changes. Notably, however, the balance of influences on product and process innovation persistence differs, with product innovation persistence linked more strongly to strategic factors and process changes more often driven by market pressures.