基于区块链技术重构互联网时代的开放教育

在互联网时代,基于在线学习方式的开放教育日益被教育机构及学习者采纳和接受。开放教育在为学习者带来时空便利的同时,其在数据层面上引发的信任危机也亟待解决。开放教育可划分为教学资源开放共享、大规模教学交互、跨平台开放等三个阶段,数据在其发展过程中起到了原始驱动力的作用,并在其质量提升中扮演着重要角色。构建贯穿开放教育数据产生、流通和传播全过程的信任机制十分重要,而具有去中心化、去信任化、防篡改、可追溯等特性的区块链技术可用于构建开放教育参与者间的信任关系,进而从以下几个方面重构互联网时代的开放教育:一是实现优质教育资源在分享和传播中的确权;二是保障开放教育环境下的学习成果互认;三是保证开放教育情境中的数据可信,并准确实现教育的“以人推己”。虽然区块链技术在开放教育中具有广阔的应用前景,但针对教育的现实情境,其仍存在以下技术问题有待解决:一是数据存储受到单节点存储容量的限制;二是共识协议所支持的节点数目偏少;三是缺乏面向教育规章制度的高效合约建模及执行方法;四是数据在多方间的公开使得对用户隐私保护难以实现;五是轻客户端使得验证查询功能受限。     

MOOCs来了，开放大学如何积极应对

MOOCs大规模开放网络课程是远程教育近年来出现的新型课程模式。该课程模式具有开放、大规模、在线和免费的特点,它给高等学校特别是开放大学带来了极大震撼。本文分析了MOOCs的形成发展与优势,及其对高等学校和开放大学的影响,并依据开放大学的历史使命,提出了开放大学应对MOOCs挑战的措施。     

The timing of openness in a radical innovation project,a temporal and loose coupling perspective

We extend the Profit from Innovation (PFI) framework (Teece, 1986) by combining it with open innovation insights: we explore when and how managers make the transition between closed and open innovation, and how they use appropriation (formal and informal defense mechanisms) and project strategies to capture the value generated from the innovation at the project level. Based on a radical innovation project at Jaguar (UK), we contribute to a process and temporal perspective of open innovation by shedding light on two core project processes and their enabling mechanisms which influenced the ability of Jaguar to maximize profits from the innovation. The first core project process was the choice of timing of the shift from a closed to an open model of innovation: it was enabled by a pro-active change in the formal defense strategy (i.e. submission of a patent), and by an internal loose coupling project strategy that involved autonomy of the project champion and internal engineers’ weak membership in the project. The second core process was an external loose coupling project strategy that was enabled by the deployment of two complementary informal appropriation mechanisms namely, the reduction of the scope of tasks allocated to external partners combined with the development of guarded relationships with them.     

More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level

This study investigates the effect of project-level collaboration breadth (i.e., the number of collaboration partner types) and collaboration depth (i.e., the intensity of the interactions with these partners) on the incremental and radical innovation performance of innovation projects. The econometric analyses, based on a Community Innovation Study sample of 218 innovation projects conducted in German manufacturing companies, reveal inverted U-shaped relationships between collaboration breadth and radical innovation performance and between collaboration depth and incremental innovation performance. These curvilinear effects speak to the high sensitivity of innovation projects to the extent of collaborative activity, which implies that practitioners should exert caution in managing collaborative innovation projects. This study contributes to the understanding of project-level open innovation and to the overall understanding of the performance effects of innovation collaboration, which, following recent assertions in the literature, could be flawed by analyses conducted at the organizational level.     

Social networks and coordination performance of distributed software development teams

In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness.     

Selecting an open innovation community as an alliance partner: Looking for healthy communities and ecosystems

Organizations build strategic alliances with other firms with the intent of tapping into partners’ resources and capturing long-term value from these relationships. Such partnerships are typically governed by contractual or equity arrangements with clear mutual obligations. More recently, however, organizations have begun to seek strategic partnerships with open innovation communities, which are novel digitally enabled forms of organizing, and where contractual commitments are not possible. Thus, selecting the right open innovation community as an alliance partner becomes a more complex decision. We follow how the organizational decision makers, in two technology firms that were pioneers of forming strategic alliances with open innovation communities, developed metrics around making such decisions. We build upon Shah and Swaminathan’s (2008) contingency model of alliance partner selection and consider how it applies to the case of partnering with open innovation communities. This framework was useful in to frame our findings, yet our work recognizes and builds upon two key differences: 1) the evaluation metrics used in selecting an open innovation community were more focused on value creation than value capture; and 2) open ecosystem considerations, and not just partner-specific metrics, featured prominently in this type of alliance partner evaluation. We develop the notions of community and ecosystem health to refer to these new metrics.     

我国学术期刊开放获取政策现状及制定策略研究

【目的】 为我国学术期刊开放获取(Open Access,OA)政策的制定提供建议。【方法】 使用网络调查法和案例分析法,调研国内外学术期刊OA政策现状,分析国内政策的不足及国外政策的经验。【结果】 国内学术期刊OA政策存在政策不健全、政策分散、政策简单等问题;国外学术期刊在版权许可、质量控制、费用、自存储等方面已构建较完备的OA政策体系。【结论】 从建立合作参与的政策模式、完善的政策体系和评估与修订机制三个方面为制定我国学术期刊OA政策提出建议。     

科技期刊实施开放式同行评议策略研究

【目的】 调研国内外科技期刊实施开放式同行评议(Open Peer Review,OPR)的策略,并对其进行比较分析,以期为OPR相关理论和实践研究提供参考。【方法】 通过在30种科技期刊官方网站收集数据,总结OPR期刊的特点,比较各期刊在采取审稿模式、公开审稿人身份、公开审稿意见和给审稿人认可等方面采取的不同策略。【结果】 所调研期刊中绝大多数是出版集团拥有的开放获取期刊,其中50%是生物医学类期刊。在所调查的3种OPR模式中,70%期刊采取模式2,即公开评审结果模式;23%采用模式1,即审稿中增加公众评议环节;7%采用非主流模式3,即通过出版“同行评议书”的方式公开稿件评审过程。即使采用同一种OPR模式的期刊,其具体做法也不尽相同。71%的期刊采取自愿署名或匿名审稿政策,只有29%的期刊要求审稿人实名审稿。小部分期刊采取给评审报告添加DOI方式激励审稿人审稿。【结论】 当前国内外科技期刊对OPR的研究和实践还处在初级阶段,实施OPR的期刊总体数量偏少,今后还需要各期刊根据自己的特点探索适合自己实施OPR的策略。     

地方电大继续教育发展现状及对策探讨——以亳州电大分校为例

为大力发展继续教育、在地方经济发展中做出更大贡献,在分析亳州电大分校近三年继续教育发展现状的基础上,找出存在问题,并提出地方电大发展继续教育的若干对策：强化系统协作,打造系统品牌;促进学历教育和非学历教育资源的有机整合,形成电大继续教育合力;打破行业壁垒,开拓市场;深化内涵,走可持续发展之路。     

探究[百百]宋楼主人陆心源对藏书的开放理念

陆心源将“守先阁”藏书归公向公众开放,将“[百百]宋楼,十万卷楱”珍贵珍藏采用刊刘的方式流布社会,供学人研读,这充分体现陆心源豁达开放的藏书理念。