On making public policy with publicly available data: The case of U.S. communications policymaking

A fundamental principle of public policymaking should be that public policy must be made with publicly available data. This article develops this position and applies it to an assessment of the current state of communications policymaking, a policy area in which controversies surrounding the transparency of policy research and the accessibility of policy-relevant data have been both common and extremely contentious in recent years. This article provides a detailed assessment of the challenges confronting greater transparency and accessibility of communications policy-relevant data, as well as a detailed set of proposals for improving the current situation, in an effort to build towards an environment in which public policy is made with publicly available data.     

高校型新型研发机构的运行机制研究——基于开放式创新的视角

高校主导的新型研发机构作为政产学研合作研发的有效载体,可以提高组织的创新效率,降低创新投资风险,促进区域自主创新能力的提升。开放式创新通过不同时空的创新资源在创新主体间流动,可最大程度释放创新资源的价值。因此,开放式创新成为高校型新型研发机构成长路径的必然选择。基于此,本文对开放式创新视角下的高校型新型研发机构四模块的运行机制进行了深入系统的分析,并提出针对高校型新型研发机构建设的政策启示。     

生物医学期刊开放代码政策调研

【目的】 系统梳理生物医学期刊开放代码政策,了解期刊政策在出版结果的代码公开可用性方面发挥的作用。【方法】 对152种生物医学期刊的作者说明和编辑政策进行人工审查,以分析期刊对开放代码的要求。【结果】 63.82%的期刊不同程度上要求作者开放代码,61.86%的期刊明确提到版权或许可67.01%的期刊并未提及开放代码的处理方式。【结论】 开放获取期刊的开放代码政策比传统订阅制期刊更普遍,公共在线存储库是大多数期刊推荐的公开代码存储平台,高影响因子期刊出台开放代码政策的概率比低影响因子期刊高。     

When does crowdsourcing benefit firm stock market performance?

Crowdsourcing is a particular form of open innovation (OI) that aims to boost idea-generation in innovation processes. The underlying rationale is that the collective intelligence of a large number of contributors outside the firm’s boundaries increases the likelihood of achieving ‘extreme outcomes’, i.e., high quality ideas with exceptional business potential. Due to the idiosyncrasies that differentiate crowdsourcing from other forms of OI, the findings from prior research on the performance implications of OI cannot be directly extended to crowdsourcing. Similarly, the findings on the effect of internal R&D on firm performance cannot be directly applied to crowdsourcing due to the greater uncertainty in dealing with a crowd of unknown individuals outside the organization whose ideas have to be evaluated and ultimately processed internally. Thus, while crowdsourcing research has recently burgeoned, it is ambiguous as to whether and when crowdsourcing is beneficial for firms. In fact, the overall effect of crowdsourcing on a firm’s future profits has not been thoroughly investigated. To fill this gap, we conducted an event study analyzing stock market reactions to crowdsourcing announcements, a forward-looking market-based measure able to isolate the effect of crowdsourcing on a firm’s future profits, which we refer to as firm stock market performance. Drawing on the resource-based view, we argue that an external crowd can become a valuable resource if the firm is able to extract value from it. Our findings show that two key contingency factors, i.e., brand value and investment opportunities, determine the boundary conditions that enable firms to extract value from the crowd, resulting in a positive stock market reaction to the announcement of a crowdsourcing campaign. In addition to advancing scholarly knowledge on crowdsourcing, our results provide practitioners with relevant indications for profitable crowdsourcing campaigns.     

Suppliers versus start-ups: Where do better innovation ideas come from?

In the innovation process of firms, suppliers increasingly play a key role as external sources of ideas. Although the beneficial impact of supplier integration has been acknowledged, there is also evidence that not all such innovation efforts are successful, particularly regarding the identification of truly innovative solutions. Therefore, in recent years, large firms have begun to move beyond their existing supply base, drawing on innovation ideas from start-ups, that is, with young firms with whom they have no pre-existing bonds. Yet there is no empirical evidence regarding whether start-ups’ ideas actually outperform those of established suppliers. We address this question by presenting a unique, real-world comparison of 314 supplier and start-up ideas – ideas that were identified, evaluated, and followed up over the course of an open innovation initiative conducted by a large automotive manufacturer. We find that start-ups’ ideas are characterized by a higher degree of novelty and to some extent higher benefit for end customers but, on the downside, are less likely to be implemented than suppliers’ ideas. Overall, our study adds new dimensions to the discourse on open innovation and provides valuable insights regarding the outcome of supplier and start-up involvement in the front end of the innovation process.     

我国标志性体育赛事传播力研究——以“武网”为例

标志性体育赛事传播力问题变得日益重要,论文借鉴媒体传播力的评价指标建构标准,结合标志性体育赛事的特征,从公众认知度、媒体曝光度、网络关注度以及城市形象引导度四个维度建构了标志性体育赛事传播力评价指标体系,并以"武网"为典型案例,借助问卷调查和网络大数据分析相结合的方式,对标志性体育赛事的传播力现状做了测量。研究发现："武网"的公众认知度、媒体曝光度、网络关注度以及城市形象引导度都比较高;尤其在引导受众了解、评价和向往武汉方面效果明显;但动态地看,"武网"的赛事传播力则有逐年下降的趋势;此外,从地域分布来看,"武网"的赛事传播力辐射范围仍以武汉和湖北为主,兼顾东南沿海等发达地区,在全国范围内的影响仍显不足。论文建议通过强化政策的连续性、实施精准营销、提升赛事新闻价值等途径,保持社会热度、改善用户体验、增加曝光几率,以解决"武网"赛事传播力在空间上的延伸和时间上的持续问题。     

Governance strategies for open collaboration: Focusing on resource allocation in open source software development organizations

With rapid advancements in information and communication technology, open collaboration has become easier, thereby allowing people to participate through internet platform. Open source software is one of the representative examples of open collaboration. In this research, we examine the antecedents of innovation performance for open source software development organizations on Github (www.github.com), which is a leading web service for the open collaborations of developers. From the perspective of resource allocation, this study investigates effective governance strategies to allocate developers to multiple projects within an organization. Overall, we find that the organization with high performance have a small number of developers to participate in most projects and most developers to participate in a small number of projects.     

公共利益视阈下学术期刊开放获取路径

【目的】 探讨学术期刊在“互联网+”时代的发展与公共利益,提升国内学术期刊的国际竞争力。【方法】 从公共利益角度出发,审视现有出版体系对公共利益的关照,探讨现有学术资助体系对公共利益的忽视。【结果】 财政资金的普惠性以及现有财政支持和评价体系的片面导向导致优秀稿源外流,严重损害了我国的公共利益。兼顾公共利益的学术期刊出版为开放获取模式。考虑公共利益的学术期刊开放获取路径为：在国家层面建立跨机构协作网络,大力发展自媒体出版,提高科研时效,建立科研社区检索系统,开放获取平台与英文翻译,借助市场力量,改革出版体制。【结论】 提出的改革路径可以为制定中国学术期刊开放获取的发展战略提供参考。     

学术期刊推送邮件打开率和点击率提高策略探究

【目的】 为学术期刊的邮件推送提供参考,给出提高打开率和点击率的方法建议。【方法】 根据2014—2016年《中国激光》杂志社邮件推送的经验,从内容、美观性、对象、频率、题目五个方面总结了提高打开率和点击率的策略。【结果】 内容设计与推送对象等因素对提高推送邮件的打开率和点击率有明显作用。【结论】 主题多样、版式美观、收件人相关、发送频率恰当、题目中肯是提高邮件推送打开率和点击率的重要因素,也是实现邮件推送作用的有效保证。学术期刊论文推送工作中,应当不断探索以提升邮件推送效果。     

From closed source to open source software: Analysis of the migration process to Open Office

This article seeks to analyse the migration trajectory from commercial off-the-shelf and closed source software to open source software in order to establish the critical success/resistance factors associated with the replacement of the extant Microsoft Office with Open Office software in a private Brazilian company. The bibliographical review of this work addresses adoption/resistance to information systems, which is the theoretical framework adopted to explain the data collected. The single case study method was then applied and data was collected via documentation analysis, interviews, questionnaires, and direct and participant observation. Data analysis was then conducted by means of content analysis and non-parametric statistics. Based on that, three types of user behaviour were identified with respect to the intention to use open source software, namely adopters, partial adopters, and non-adopters. Finally, the reasons for such behaviour were set forth and discussed in order to make the implications of the study clear.