The identification of organic additives in traditional lime mortar

Organic-inorganic lime mortars were widely used in many ancient buildings due to their good performance in some fields (such as caking property, water repellency, weatherability, etc.). However, many ancient buildings and sites are suffering from various degrees of damage with the development of the economy and society and appropriate conservation and restoration are needed. The application of traditional construction materials, such as organic-inorganic lime mortars, attracts more and more attention in the conservation and restoration of ancient buildings in the recent years. So, the understanding of the components of original lime mortar which remained in ancient sites is of fundamental significance. In this work a set of analytical procedures to identify the organic additives in lime mortars by classical chemical analysis is proposed. The results show that using iodine-potassium iodide reagent, Benedict's reagent, reduction phenolphthalein reagent, Coomassie brilliant blue and sodium periodate oxidation glycerin acetyl acetone method could effectively detect a small amount of starch, reducing sugar, blood, protein and fatty acid ester that remained in ancient buildings’ lime mortars, respectively. These analytical methods are easy to operate with low detection limit, high accuracy and some other advantages.     

有机泡沫保温材料的研究现状

有机泡沫保温材料由于其独特的性能,因而被广泛应用于各个领域。本文主要概述了有机保温材料的基本情况,重点介绍了聚氨酯泡沫材料、聚苯乙烯泡沫材料、酚醛泡沫材料的研究现状。     

Material analysis of the wall paintings in Xialu Temple,Tibet Autonomous Region,China

This wall paintings technology study in Xialu Temple was carried out by in situ investigations and laboratory analysis. The techniques used to analyze pigments, ground/white preparations, and binding media were: optical microscopy carried out with visible reflected light and ultraviolet light; polarized light microscopy; micro-Raman spectroscopy; micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization of pigments, including the discovery of two rare organic pigments, improves knowledge about traditional Tibetan paintings. The analysis of the binding media and different types of ground/white preparations (asbestos, kaolin, and illite) allowed us to identify different stratigraphic compositions. Our findings indicate that the study areas were painted during at least four different time periods.     

论中国国家创新体系的有机构成——知识与技术创新

中国国家创新体系的有机构成为环状：核心是知识创新系统。从内到外依次为技术创新系统-知识基础与管理系统-体制与制度创新系统-观念与文化创新系统-国际接轨。知识创新是指通过科学研究获得新的基础科学和技术科学知识的过程。技术创新是指学习、革新和创造新技术的过程，这个过程中与技术创新相关的机构组成系统和网络。知识创新与技术创新既存在源与流的关系，也存在着技术创新同样可以生产新知识，引发又一轮新的知识创新的相辅相成、共同发展的辩证关系。