探究式教学法在《有机化学》教学中的应用

阐述了有机化学的教学现状及探究式教学的实质,强调了在有机化学教学中应用探究式教学的必要性,并列举实施探究式教学的程序及实施实例。     

Social Learning among Organic Farmers and the Application of the Communities of Practice Framework

ABSTRACT

The paper examines social learning processes among organic farmers and explores the application of the Community of Practice (CoP) model in this context. The analysis employed utilises an approach based on the CoP model, and considers how, or whether, this approach may be useful to understand social learning among farmers. The CoP model is applied to case studies of social learning fora among organic farmers. The case studies are compiled from in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation with farmers and other actors, and the data are analysed with reference to three dimensions of the CoP model, namely mutual engagement, joint enterprise and shared repertoires. Farmers associate and engage in social learning more readily with peers determined by similar attitudes to farm business, farming styles and understanding of what organic agriculture entails. Such associations support the hypothesis that CoPs are self-organising structures that generate their knowledge in sympathy with community definition and identity. A CoP framework applied within relatively unstructured and dispersed communities, such as described in this paper, emphasises the fluid nature of CoPs, and their essentially self-organising nature. Extension approaches may be facilitated by regarding farmers as de-facto members of CoPs and by understanding how CoPs may form and develop. The CoP model is applied as a heuristic to examine social learning processes in organic farming.     

Open-ended Cases in Agroecology: Farming and Food Systems in the Nordic Region and the US Midwest

Abstract

Our aim is to describe open-ended case studies for learning real-life problem solving skills, and relate this approach to conventional, closed-ended decision case studies. Teaching methods are open-ended cases in agroecology, an alternative to traditional strategies that lead students through prepared materials and structured discussions to determine an outcome already known to the instructor. Our method promotes a culture of curiosity. Multiple evaluation criteria show how this learning strategy provides students with practice in researching, envisioning and designing potential scenarios for clients in the field. In agroecology case studies, students and instructors are co-learners in a discovery process that includes gathering information from key clients, interviewing major stakeholders, and building an understanding of the current context of the local farming and food systems. Two agroecology courses in Norway, a field course in the US Midwest, and an experimental course in Sweden and Vietnam illustrate this learning strategy. Student evaluations of learning have been highly positive, and skills and methods from courses have been applied in their thesis projects and professional careers.

Practical results reveal that students are well prepared for an uncertain, complex, multi-dimensional and dynamic future, have the capacity to develop alternative future scenarios, and have practiced methods to evaluate options based on production, economic, environmental and social criteria and impacts. This innovative strategy is offered as a complement or alternative to conventional decision case studies and evaluated as an approach to experiential learning, an important and effective method for adult learners.     

以实验为主导的高职有机化学教学模式的探索与实践

基于有机化学课程目前的教学现状。针对高职学生特点,提出了以“实验为主导”的教学模式替代传统教学模式的改革试验。即同样的知识内容通过实验、实训来开展,理论与实践教学基本同步,实现课堂教学“理实一体化”。教学实践证实,该种教学模式更符合高职教育的特点和规律,能充分调动学生学习积极性和主动性,在对照的几个班级教学中取得明显的效果。     

光谱与色谱方法用于有机合成分析

系统深入地研究了光谱与色谱方法用于有机合成分析，本文依据光谱与色谱方法发现传统合成过程中金属卟啉相互转化问题，并进行了深入探讨，从而改进了合成方法，取得良好结果。     

锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池近年来引起了越来越多研究者的浓厚兴趣,科学家对此进行了大量的研究.本文主要综述锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状,阐述与评价有关用金属氧化物和有机多硫聚合物作为锂离子电池正极材料的合成和电化学性能,并对其应用前景进行分析.     

精心设计有机化学绪论课--引导激发学生学好专业基础知识

有机化学绪论课应结合化工、制药专业实际需要，根据教学经验和体会，通过增加分析有机化学的知识结构、内容特点，渗透学习方法，提出学习要求，正确引导激发学生学好有机化学．     

土壤磷酸酶活性及其影响因素研究

本文研究了砂姜黑土、潮土、黄褐土和水稻土的磷酸酶活性 ,分析了土壤磷酸酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮和有机磷的关系 ,用盆栽试验研究了不同的有机肥料对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响 ,结果表明 :(1)土壤磷酸酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、有机磷含量存在明显的相关性 ,土壤磷酸酶活性可作为指示土壤肥力的指标。 (2 )施用有机肥料可明显提高土壤磷酸酶活性。 (3)一般在施用麦秸、猪粪 10天左右 ,土壤磷酸酶活性便可达到最大值 ,以后逐渐趋于稳定。     

相转移催化在有机化工生产中的应用

相转移催化是一种有机合成新方法,在有机化工生产的烃化反应、亲核取代反应、加成及缩合反应,二氯卡宾的形成及反应、氧化还原等方面得到了广泛应用,本文对其进行了简述。     

有机反应中稳定与不稳定的辩证关系

阐述了有机反应中稳定与不稳定的各种辩证关系,归纳总结了有机反应中各种不稳定和稳定因素,对理解和解释有机反应进行方向,反应机理和反应活性都有很大的帮助。