有机化学课堂教学方法浅析

在有机化学课堂教学过程中,确立学生的主体地位,采用灵活多变的教学方法来调动学生学习的积极性,培养学生的创新能力,提高课堂教学效果,对学生能力的培养起着至关重要的作用。     

有机酸与U(VI)络合作用研究实验

将已知浓度的标准铀溶液加入到一定浓度的有机酸溶液中进行混合,经过一定时间的振荡反应后,测定混合溶液中的铀浓度,以确定有机酸对六价铀的络合能力。实验研究数据看出,测定铀浓度与已知铀浓度误差较小,因此可以表明常温中性条件下,有机酸与六价铀能够发生反应,有机酸对六价铀有着较强的络合能力。     

杭州市PM10中有机碳和元素碳变化特征

2001年2月至2002年4月在杭州5个空气质量国控点采集176组PM10样品,分析有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）含量,并采用TEOM法同步监测PM10质量浓度,其中在卧龙桥国控点同时测PM2.5质量浓度。全市PM10年日均浓度为119.2mg•m-3。PM2.5年日均浓度为68mg•m-3。PM2.5与PM10质量浓度呈显著的线性关系。PM2.5/ PM10日浓度比值范围在0.31-0.95间变化,平均比值为0.62。OC和EC浓度分别为20.4 mg•m-3和4.0 mg•m-3,其相关性不好表明碳的来源复杂。二次有机碳（SOC）分别占各季OC的 37.1%,45.8%,58.0%,44.7%,表明杭州空气中存在一定的二次有机污染。     

食品专业研究生有机合成课程的教学改革初探

本文介绍了食品科学专业硕士研究生有机合成课程教学改革的几点体会，包括教学内容的掌握、教学形式的多样化、练习环节的探索及考试形式的选择等内容。     

Identification of cellulose nitrate X-ray film for the purpose of conservation: Organic elemental analysis

Cellulose nitrate was widely used as a film base for photography, cinematography, and radiography in the first half of the twentieth century. Its stability is inherently poor and subject to environmental storage conditions. The risk of fire and the cross-infection effect on the cellulose acetate film stored at the same location necessitate that cellulose nitrate is identified within collections and stored separately. Not only medical archives, but also museums using radiography in their research may hold a sizeable amount of historical X-ray films. The Natural History Museum, London has been using film for X-radiography since before World War II. This suggests that some of the X-ray materials in its collections have a cellulose nitrate rather than ‘safety’ (cellulose acetate or polyester) film base. X-ray sheets rarely contain information related to their composition so science-based identification methods must be used. We propose the determination of nitrogen content in the film by organic elemental analysis (OEA) as a reliable method for the identification of films (X-ray, photographic, or cinematographic) with a cellulose nitrate base. Though it is a destructive method, the sample size required is small (<1?mg). This method does not require any sample preparation apart from weighing the samples and wrapping them in tin foil. OEA proved to be more accurate than the ‘float’ test in trichloroethylene and quicker and more straightforward to perform than infrared spectroscopy.     

Study on source rock potential and source rocks spatial distribution in the Manghan Faulted Sag, Kailu Basin

Manghan Faulted Sag is an exploratory target area in Kailu Basin. In order to determine its exploration prospect, the effectiveness of its source rocks is evaluated by organic geochemical behavior analysis of the samples, and their distributions are predicted using trace integration seismic inversion technology. Studies on their organic matter abundance, type and maturity indicate that the source rocks in the Sag have great generating potentials. Furthermore, it is found that, based on the spatial distribution predication, the source rocks in the Sag are well developed. Therefore, the Sag has a promising prospect for exploration.     

Assessment of indoor air quality and the risk of damage to cultural heritage objects using MEMORI® dosimetry

Air pollution is one of the environmental influences that degrade cultural heritage objects situated indoors. Other essential influences, such as temperature, relative humidity, and light are often well monitored. The presence of air pollutants is less often measured or included in risk assessment. The MEMORI^® technology presented in this paper was developed as a tool for easy measurement and assessment of the general risk of degradation of heritage objects situated indoors due to indoor exposure to air pollutants. MEMORI dosimetry was performed in locations belonging to English Heritage and Tate (both located in London) and the National Archives of Norway in Oslo, to assess air quality. The related damage risk for collection objects and the protection offered by display and storage designs was assessed. A high level of acidic effect was observed inside a number of showcases, and a high level of oxidizing effect was observed in some room locations. Relatively simple mitigation measures, such as constructing tightly sealed showcases using low emitting materials, installing active carbon absorbing media inside a ‘microclimate’ frame, and using cardboard storage boxes for paper, significantly improved air quality. Overall, implementation of such measures is likely to improve the preservation of objects and reduce conservation costs.     

离子液体的特性及其在有机物萃取中的应用

离子液体是在室温及相邻温度下完全由离子组成的有机液体物质,其性质可以通过适当选择阴离子、阳离子及其取代基而改变,因而具有一系列的优异特性。离子液体作为一种新型环保溶剂。可在萃取中发挥其优势。本文重点综述了近几年离子液体用于萃取有机物研究的最新进展。     

有机气体麻醉活性的QSAR研究

应用分子力学方法MMP和半经验量子化学AH1法得到了18种有机气体的优势构象,利用量子化学算法和分子图形学技术获得电子结构、几何结构和拓扑结构参数,并将这些参数与有机气体的麻醉活性参数相关联。结果表明：有机气体的麻醉活性与分子的极化率和辛醇／水分配系数的相关性较好,成功地建立了18种有机气体的构效关系武。     

Microclimate inside a semi-confined environment: Valuation of suitability for the conservation of heritage materials

The microclimatic analysis of the Petrarca's tomb in Arquà Petrarca, Padua (Italy) was performed to assess the suitability of a closed environment located outdoors respect to the conservation requirements of heritage materials. Results showed that the thermo-hygrometric conditions inside the tomb were not suitable for the conservation of organic materials, like bones and wood. The orientation (north or south) was the main responsible for the different damage features of the two sides of the wooden case housing the human remains inside the tomb. Technical solutions were finally implemented to improve the conservation conditions, thus avoiding further damage.