试论行为科学的局限性

行为科学是近期热门的研究领域,研究者以多学科视角和科学的态度审视人的行为,政府和个人希望通过行为科学研究提高管理质量,笔者认为行为科学本身在研究对象、研究方法、学科地位和应用难度等四个方面具有局限性,应当受到对行为科学持乐观态度的公众的关注.     

承接产业转移过程中的政府生态责任与生态政策选择问题探讨

在促进和承接产业转移的过程中,政府一般是处在主导地位和能够发挥出宏观调控的关键性作用的．由于区际产业转移是利弊共存的,由于实践中保护生态环境不仅是人民群众的愿望、且也是政府理应承担的重要的责任;因而在促进和承接产业转移的过程中,政府除应担负起相应的政治责任,经济责任、政策责任、法律责任．道德责任、诚信责任外,还应在生态责任和环境责任方面有所作为;否则,政府的作用与责任不仅会大打折扣,而且产业转移的内在积极影响也必将会受到极大的制约．     

Price space and product demography: Evidence from the workstation industry, 1980–1996

This study adds to the product innovation literature by emphasizing the important yet understudied role of price distribution in shaping product demography (i.e. new product introductions and exits). While prior research has focused on market niches in the technological and geographic spaces in order to explain product demography, price space has received very limited attention despite the important role of price in the market. We posit that product dynamics are largely shaped by the existing price distribution. More specifically, we argue that local density in price space determines both the likelihood of existing products exiting the market and the rate of new products entering it. Analyzing product exit and entry in the U.S. workstation industry from 1980 to 1996, we find that while price density increases an existing product’s exit rate, new products are also more likely to enter the niches where the price density is high. We also draw attention to internal price density within multiproduct firms, analyzing a product’s price distance from the other products launched by the same firm. We find that this type of internal price density decreases both existing products’ exit rate and new products’ entry likelihood. Our emphasis on price space contributes to the literature on product innovation and demography.     

Relationships between IT department culture and agile software development practices: An empirical investigation

IT department culture has been widely recognized as an important factor that influences the adoption of agile practices. Yet, the research pertaining to the relationship between IT department culture and agile practices usage remains underexplored. This study proposes and tests the relationships between four competing cultural forms and two types of agile practices - social and technical. The findings contribute to the extant literature by integrating the competing values model of culture into the literature on factors affecting agile development at the IT department level.     

普惠性科技金融发展的探索与实践——基于广东经验

科技金融作为我国创新驱动发展和建设创新型国家的重要手段和基本保证,对推动经济高质量发展特别是民营经济的创新发展至关重要。广东作为全国经济大省和创新高地,科技金融服务同样走在全国前列,首创性开展了“普惠性科技金融”的探索。本文从普惠性科技金融的理论研究出发,分析总结广东开展“普惠性科技金融”的实践经验,得出广东通过构建多维度风险补偿机制、创新财政投入方式与力度、强化政策性科技金融服务平台的普惠特性、完善普惠性金融服务生态等,多组织协同推进以科技信贷、天使投资等为主的普惠性科技金融服务,有力提升了科技金融的普惠面、渗透率和服务效应。最后从政府角色定位与治理方式、激励引导政策、市场退出机制、金融生态环境等方面为普惠性科技金融的加速发展给出了建议启示。     

补充谷氨酰胺和大豆多肽对过度训练大鼠肾脏滤过屏障形态结构和尿液成分影响的研究

目的:探讨补充谷氨酰胺和大豆多肽对过度训练大鼠肾脏滤过屏障形态结构和功能的影响。方法:将40只雄性大鼠随机平均分为4组,分别为对照组(C)、过度训练组(OT)、过度训练 补充谷氨酰胺组(OG)和过度训练 补充大豆多肽组(OS)。检测各组大鼠尿液总蛋白、白蛋白和β-微球蛋白含量和观察各大鼠肾脏滤过屏障形态结构的变化。结果:电镜下,过度训练组大鼠肾组织出现毛细血管球系膜增生,基膜基质增多,足细胞肿胀、融合,裂孔不清晰等变化;OG组大鼠肾小球基底膜厚度均匀一致;足细胞排列有序,偶见足细胞足突有轻度融合现象,裂孔大小均匀一致;OS组肾小球基底膜厚度均匀,轻微增厚;足细胞排列有序,有足细胞足突有轻度融合现象,裂孔变小。与C组相比,OT组大鼠血清睾酮水平显著降低,皮质醇水平显著增高,尿液中的TP、Alb、β2-MG含量显著增高;与OT组相比,OG组和OS组TP、Alb、β2-MG含量显著降低。结论:8周递增负荷的跑台训练,成功的建立了大鼠过度训练模型,大鼠肾组织滤过屏障遭到显著破坏,形成了运动性尿蛋白;补充谷氨酰胺和大豆多肽对过度训练大鼠的肾脏滤过屏障形态结构有着维持作用,降低了过度训练大鼠尿液TP、Alb、β2-MG含...     

Knowledge sharing in inter-unit cooperative episodes: The impact of organizational structure dimensions

We study how classic organizational structure dimensions should be altered to be more adapted to organizational knowledge sharing. In particular, we look at the dimensions: coordination, centralization, formalization, and specialization, in their relationship to the concept of knowledge sharing. Empirical data was collected by means of a questionnaire in two companies. Our findings indicated that expected relationships, such as the negative effect of centralization or the positive effect of lower formalization, were not found. Interdependency and knowledge complexity, caused by specialization, had an important interacting effect on the relationship between coordination and knowledge sharing. A comparison between the two companies revealed that the organization-specific context in which the coordination is applied influences the potential of this coordination for knowledge sharing.     

Organizational and institutional influences on creativity in scientific research

This paper explores institutional and organizational influences on creativity in scientific research. Using a method for identifying creative scientific research accomplishments in two fields of science (nanotechnology and human genetics) in Europe and the US, the paper summarizes results derived from twenty case studies of highly creative research accomplishments, focusing on contextual patterns at the group, organizational, and institutional levels. We find that creative accomplishments are associated with small group size, organizational contexts with sufficient access to a complementary variety of technical skills, stable research sponsorship, timely access to extramural skills and resources, and facilitating leadership. A potential institutional threat to creative science is the increase in competitive research council funding at the expense of flexible institutional sponsorship. Implications for research management and research policy are considered.     

提升中小企业技术创新能力的探讨

技术创新能否顺利的进行决定了企业的存亡,对于中小企业而言,技术创新更是显得尤为重要.中小企业在技术创新的过程中有大企业无可比拟的优势的同时也面临着诸多的障碍,这些障碍在很大程度上制约了中小企业的进一步发展.如何克服这些障碍也就自然成为中小企业自身以及政府关注的焦点.     

工程创新：聚焦创新活动的主战场

工程是直接生产力,工程创新是创新活动和建设国家创新系统的主战场.工程创新的过程是不断突破壁垒和躲避陷阱的过程.工程中不但包括技术要素而且包括非技术要素,必须从"全要素"和"全过程"的观点认识和把握工程活动.文中剖析了那种认为工程仅仅是单纯的"科学应用"的观点和认为工程知识仅仅是科学知识的派生性知识的观点.科学发现和技术发明活动以"可重复性"为基本特征,其社会评价规范是只承认"首创性".而工程活动却以"唯一性"和"当时当地性"为基本特征,这就使创新必然成为工程活动的内在要求.