构建适应危机管理的图书馆组织文化

组织文化和危机管理是图书馆界研究的热点。文章论述了图书馆组织文化和图书馆危机管理的内涵、研究内容,并对两种理论进行了比较。认为二者可以结合起来,共同发挥作用,提出构建具有危机管理能力的图书馆组织文化,从精神层、制度层、物质层提出了一些将图书馆危机管理思想融入图书馆组织文化的途径和策略。     

Striving to Be King of Mobile Mountains: Communication and Organizing Through Digital Fitness Technology

This study considers fitness-tracking applications as settings for communicative performances. Qualitative interviews and observations with 41 users of a cycling-focused fitness application revealed communicative themes of qualifying, social sharing, and withholding. Users also assessed other members through social-group comparing and upward comparing. This study develops theory by revealing how individuals use the technology to communicate about their physical acts, and how the context of use facilitates organizing processes. We argue that use of this fitness application extends our understanding of how communication can constitute a community of practice (CoP; Brown & Duguid, 1991; Lave & Wenger, 1991). Primarily, the hybrid online/offline nature of Strava complicates the traditional understanding of communication and CoPs.     

大学学科成长的组织创新模式

大学学科发展的根本动力来自于打破大学学科知识产出的体制制约和限制。好的学术组织制度能够整合学科的各种资源和力量,提高学科的知识生产力水平;反之,不好的学术组织制度会束缚学科知识的产出和发展。组织修补型、创新团队型、学术特区型等学科组织创新模式,是学科组织制度的再设计和创新,对解放学科的知识生产力、激活学术主体性和创造力具有重要的作用。     

我国大型飞机发展战略的思考

中国民用航空工业20年来不成功的根本原因在于没有坚持走自主开发的道路,其根源是体制。本文通过理论概括和分析中国发展大飞机的三个历史教训,指出中国民用航空工业要想在21世纪打翻身仗,就必须突破旧的体制并坚持自主创新的方针。     

利益分化视角下的政党整合

为解放和发展生产力,改革开放以来,我们党打破了打破的利益分配格局,使原有的大一统的利益一元结构转向利益多元方向发展．出现了利益分化现象。适度的利益分化对社会经济、政治发展具有积极意义,同时,利益分化也对执政党提出整合要求。提高中国共产党的利益整合能力,当前要着力提高依靠社会组织进行整合的能力、价值整合的能力和组织整合的能力。     

Access to higher education in South Africa: expanding capabilities in and through an undergraduate photovoice project

ABSTRACT

There is a gap in research on access to universities in South Africa. The research that exists focuses on quantitative methodologies, although some qualitative studies are now emerging. These research methodologies, although necessary and substantial for the development of equity measures and policies, might be less successful in their impact on the local context, on research participants and in expanding what counts as knowledge in the university. In this paper, participatory research, which has not been used to research access, is explored. The paper seeks to go beyond the instrumentalization of research participants – especially those from low-income households – highlighting the potential of using multi-strategy research, in which participatory elements are included as a way to foster both participants’ human development and local impact. Drawing on a research project on access to higher education in South Africa, the paper demonstrates that by including participatory elements (in this case photovoice) has the potential to operationalize Appadurai’s notion of the ‘right to research’ among undergraduates. Using data, including processes, observations, workshops, interviews, and visual narratives from a participatory photovoice project, the findings highlight how methodological plurality creates space for locally and relevant knowledge production, challenging epistemic barriers and fostering human development among the research participants.     

The problems of the beginning teacher in the Arab schools in Israel

This article focuses on the problems of beginning teachers in the Arab sector in Israel. The participants were 146 beginning teachers, 5 mentors, and 5 advisors. The research measurements included an open-ended question and a semi-structured interview. Our research revealed many different cultural aspects related to most of the problems of the beginning teachers. These problems are accompanied by difficult conflicts within the beginning Arab teachers who are exposed to western democratic educational models which are partially rejected by traditional Arab culture and society. The expectations of the teacher to become an agent of change in Arab society are not fulfilled in the first year, in which he/she tries to fit into the school, as well as the culture from which she/he comes and to which he returns. The problems which the beginning teachers report are related to didactic and disciplinary knowledge, adjustment to the organizational climate and culture of the school, problems of work overload, and individual differences among the pupils.     

Design and the management of multi-institutional research collaborations: Theoretical implications from two case studies

Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, block grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that research focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case studies of large-scale, multi-disciplinary collaborations to develop an institutional framework that illuminates the relationships among (a) the epistemic norms of the disciplines represented in the collaboration, (b) the organizational structure of these collaborations, and (c) the inter-institutional collaboration success.The results of our case study analysis demonstrate that large-scale, multi-discipline, inter-institutional collaborations need a relatively high level of development in either (1) the epistemic development of the disciplines involved in the collaboration or (2) the organizational structure of the collaboration. We argue that the domain (i.e. epistemic or organizational) that provides the highest level of institutionalization is the one that organizes the “rules” of the collaboration.     

政府补贴对新能源产业发展影响

本文基于2011年至2018年新能源和同行业非新能源上市公司的面板数据实证分析了“十二五”规划之后政府补贴对新能源产业及企业的盈利能力与研发能力的影响效应。研究结果表明：新能源产业特征会使得政府补贴对盈利能力和研发能力的促进效果变得低效，且对盈利能力却变为抑制效果。从企业层面来说，政府补贴与新能源企业的盈利能力呈负相关，与研发能力呈“倒U型”关系。因此，本文认为政府应该遵从市场规律，对新能源产业实施补贴政策要市场化导向，完善补贴信息披露制度；新能源企业则应该着重提高本身的获利能力和创新成果驱动的内生增长能力。     

20世纪后期我国电话交换机技术创新过程模式研究

本文回顾了20世纪后半期我国电话交换机制造业的三个发展时期，论证了其技术演化方式符合Roth-well提出的第一至第三代技术创新过程模式特征，讨论了在上述三个时期所采取的不同创新过程模式的合理性。建议程控交换机制造企业应突破传统创新过程模式的束缚，直接采用第五代技术创新过程模式，增强自主创新能力。