巴基斯坦的“伊扎布特”组织研究

伊扎布特是一个国际性的宗教极端组织。在巴基斯坦1998年核试验后,该组织逐渐加强了在巴基斯坦的活动并组建了分部。在意识形态方面,该组织以伊斯兰教作为思想理论,以建立哈里发为目标。在组织方面,隐秘性是其特点。此外,采取多种手段招募成员。在其策略中,非常重视军人和其他精英阶层的作用。综合运用各种手段和工具为其宣传服务,尤其重视互联网的使用。     

基于GIS的巴基斯坦北部文化遗址时空分布特征及保护对策

巴基斯坦北部地区是历史上犍陀罗文化的中心区域,拥有大量的印度教、佛教和伊斯兰教文化遗址.借助考古文献资料、数字高程模型以及野外实地调查与验证数据,运用GIS空间分析方法,对巴基斯坦北部地区印度教、佛教和伊斯兰教文化遗址的时空分布特征、保存现状进行研究,并提出相应保护对策.结果 表明:巴基斯坦北部地区先后经历了印度教文化...     

秦统一前后巴地郡县变迁考

“巴”作为一个地理区域在秦统一前后的行政机构辖制中被分解得颇为复杂。秦在巴地设置郡县有其现实因素、民族政策、军事意图等多方面原因,其所设置的巴地郡县在以后又发生了多次变迁,这些变迁与秦王朝的实际决策是分不开的。     

Gaps in management education： A case study of University of Management and Technology

This paper aims to identify the gaps in management education highlighted by 3 primary stakeholders： students, faculty and alumni. The study tries to address the issue of relevance and compatibility of management education and investigates areas of improvement perceived by respondents. The paper assumes that business departments of universities have to bring changes in learning strategies to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This research takes UMT （University of Management and Technology） as a case study and presents gaps in management education. Data are collected from all the 3 stakeholders： students, faculty and alumni of MBA （Master in Business Administration） program offered at UMT. The survey is administered using an exclusively-designed research instrument and the data set of 211 students, 55 faculty members and 145 alumni is analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. The management of business schools should develop an integrated and well-coordinated mechanism to share common vision and strategies among stakeholders. A need to revise current MBA curriculum is identified, which emphasizes on the development of different types of skills among MBAs to make the program compatible with the existing corporate sector. The universities dealing in management education are recommended to redesign their curriculum in a more integrated and coordinated way in anticipation with aspiration of the existing corporate sector, which would then help reduce the identified gaps among stakeholders. The management of business schools should have a continuous assessment mechanism incorporating the feed back of all stakeholders, particularly students, faculty and alumni. The paper makes a fruitful contribution to the existing academic literature through an empirical investigation in Pakistani environment. A critical discussion is carried out, and gaps in management education are highlighted, which may motivate management institutions to revise their curriculums.     

Peace Journalism for Conflict Reporting: Insights from Pakistan

ABSTRACT

This study proposes a classification framework for conflict journalism with respect to its potential for conflict escalation and de-escalation in Pakistan—a country marred by a number of deadly conflicts. While building on the existing literature, the study proposes the varying levels of intensity of a conflict and the resulting escalatory and de-escalatory coverage as important factors in the process. Through content analysis and focus group discussion, it was found that de-escalatory coverage is inversely proportional to the intensity of a conflict in terms of its perceived threats to national security. Secondly it was found that the coverage was spread across a range of thematic frames though certain perspectives got more prominence as compared to others. Noting the variations in the presence of peace journalism, the study concludes that critical pragmatic approach to peace journalism is better suited to address queries relating to its theory and practice than other approaches because it accommodates the retention of peace as a value and at the same is pragmatic and hence honors the requirements of journalistic profession.     

Predicting elections from social media: a three-country,three-method comparative study

ABSTRACT

This study introduces and evaluates the robustness of different volumetric, sentiment, and social network approaches to predict the elections in three Asian countries – Malaysia, India, and Pakistan from Twitter posts. We find that predictive power of social media performs well for India and Pakistan but is not effective for Malaysia. Overall, we find that it is useful to consider the recency of Twitter posts while using it to predict a real outcome, such as an election result. Sentiment information mined using machine learning models was the most accurate predictor of election outcomes. Social network information is stable despite sudden surges in political discussions, for e.g. around elections-related news events. Methods combining sentiment and volume information, or sentiment and social network information, are effective at predicting smaller vote shares, for e.g. vote shares in the case of independent candidates and regional parties. We conclude with a detailed discussion on the caveats of social media analysis for predicting real-world outcomes and recommendations for future work.     

Administration of Education Enterprise and Gaps in the Provision of Needed Information: The Case of Pakistan

This study is qualitative in nature and aims at assessing the information needs and seeking behavior of educational administrators and finding related problems. Interviews of a purposive sample and review of related literature are among the major research methods. The study is based on interviews of 13 educational administrators and 32 information professionals from Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) of Pakistan. The results correspond with the previous studies conducted in other countries. The educational administrators' information needs and seeking behavior reflect a kinship with their work settings and information environment that highlights a need to understand problem situations as an ancestor to understanding how they seek and use information. The study has identified a gap in the provision of needed information which hinders the realistic planning and decision making process. It has also highlighted the need of a National Information System for educational administrators in Pakistan. As this is the first study on this topic in Pakistan, the results can be useful to design information services and facilities for educational administrators in Pakistan and other developing regions of the globe with similar conditions.     

巴基斯坦的语言与民族关系探析

巴基斯坦是一个有两种官方语言的多语言国家。乌尔都语作为巴基斯坦的官方语言之一,将其作为母语使用的人数却很少,而作为交际用语其使用范围又很广。造成这一现象的原因与伊斯兰民族认同有着密切的关系。乌尔都语国语地位的确立是穆斯林民族主义意识的必然结果,同时也和统治阶层为了维护民族统一所采取的语言政策相关。英语和乌尔都语作为巴基斯坦的两种官方语言是殖民统治的结果,而乌尔都语至今无法完全取代英语,则与社会的发展、尤其是英语的全球化密切关联。乌尔都语与孟加拉语曾经的冲突以及东巴基斯坦最终的脱离都进一步表明语言在民族意识觉醒中所起的重要作用。乌尔都语是巴基斯坦民族意识的产物,同时,作为伊斯兰民族认同的象征,它又促进和增强了民族的凝聚力,在一定程度上缓解了一个多民族、多语言的国家在民族统一、宗教信仰等方面的分歧和冲突。     

Education of women with disabilities in Pakistan: enhanced agency,unfulfilled aspirations

This paper examines the extent to which the capability approach captures the complexity of the lives of young women with disabilities in Pakistan, particularly in relation to their education. Focusing on their educational experiences and outcomes, we examine the ways in which education shaped what these young women were able to achieve – what they wanted to do and be. In undertaking this research, we adopted a collaborative, qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews with six young women with disabilities. All these women were interesting and exemplary cases, given their very high levels of education. Our findings suggest that the capability approach provides a framework that is able to capture the educational experiences–outcomes journey of the young women. However, also interesting to note is how the expansion of their capabilities is bounded, primarily because their freedoms are intrinsically linked to their sociocultural positioning and largely negative perceptions of disability in the wider society.     

Acceptance of digital library among female students and effects of limited access of digital library on their performance in research work: A case of International Islamic University

This study investigates the acceptance and importance of digital library among female students of International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The study also highlights the problems that are confronted by the female students in completing their research work after limited access to digital library in the female campus of the University.

Survey was administered personally to collect data from 315 female students of eight faculties of the female campus of the university. The convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from the subjects of the study.

The access to digital library is indispensable to the students to complete their research work. With limited access to the digital library the students were unable to meet their information needs from the Internet and the libraries of other universities. The quantity as well as quality of their research work were affected due the restriction of digital resources. Also the limited access affected adversely to improve insight of the respondents regarding technological developments in their respective area of research. The lack of informational literacy program, IT training workshops, IT literate staff and the electricity failure were the main hindrance to access digital library as well as Internet.

This study was limited only to female students of the International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.