Applicant and examiner citations in U.S. patents: An overview and analysis

Prior art patent citations have become a popular measure of patent quality and knowledge flow between firms. Interpreting these measurements is complicated, in some cases, because prior art citations are added by patent examiners as well as by patent applicants. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) adopted new reporting procedures in 2001, making it possible to measure examiner and applicant citations separately for the first time. We analyzed prior art citations listed in all U.S. patents granted in 2001-2003, and found that examiners played a significant role in identifying prior art, adding 63% of citations on the average patent, and all citations on 40% of patents granted. An analysis of variance found that firm-specific variables explain most of the variation in examiner-citation shares. Using multivariate regression, we found that foreign applicants to the USPTO had the highest proportion of citations added by examiners. High-volume patent applicants had a greater proportion of examiner citations, and a substantial number of firms won patents without listing a single applicant citation. In terms of technology, we found higher examiner shares among patents in electronics, communications, and computer-related fields. Taken together, our findings suggest that firm-level patenting practices, particularly among high-volume applicants, have a strong influence on citation data and merit additional research.     

从专利信息分析看北部湾经济区技术创新能力

随着经济全球化的深入发展,区域技术创新能力逐渐成为区域经济增长的源泉和核心竞争优势。在北部湾经济区这一区域合作中,评价和提升区域技术创新能力是实现该区域经济发展的重要手段。本文从专利信息分析的角度,研究了北部湾经济区技术创新能力的现状和存在问题,并提出几点相关建议。     

Geographical amplitude in the international generation of technology: Present situation and business determinants

Building on a rich dataset with information on 65,000 firms and 465,000 European patent applications from 1978 to 2000, this paper addresses the geographical amplitude of international technology generation. First, we show that the number of countries hosting international technological activities is increasing. The USA and some developing nations benefit from this internationalisation. Conversely, although Europe as a whole still plays a leading role in the encouragement of foreign technological activities, some European countries, such as Germany and the UK, appear to be losing their technological appeal. Second, we verify that multinational corporations (MNCs) have increased the geographical amplitude of their technological activities. In fact, the mean number of countries in which MNCs internationalised technology generation has doubled during the 23 years we have analyzed. Third, we address the business characteristics that explain this phenomenon. A negative binomial regression suggests that internationalisation is higher in MNCs showing a greater technological diversification, a higher volume of technological activity, a wider presence in international markets and more experience in the international generation of technology. Finally, American corporations and (regardless of the home country) those firms whose main technological fields are in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, or electronics, present the highest geographical dispersion of their international technological activities.     

网络参考文献的可接受性、选择性和可获取性研究

因特网的出现使获取网络学术资源变得更加方便快捷,但在正式的学术交流中对它的引用仍然存在争议,并且在引用中也存在着一些问题。本文统计分析了情报学、情报工作期刊中含网络参考文献的论文占总论文的比例,网络参考文献占总参考文献的比例,网址域名的分布及其可获取性,进而评价了网络参考文献的可接受性、选择性和可获取性。     

专利网络分析在技术路线图中的应用

 简单介绍技术路线图的概念及绘制过程中存在的缺陷,提出可以将专利网络分析引入技术路线图中的想法。并在此基础上研究专利网络分析在技术路线图绘制中具体的实施办法和有可能带来的好处。最后,以美国的部分专利为例并利用分析工具Pajek作专利网络分析实施和应用的实证研究。     

基于GRU-Attention机制的高校发明专利质量评估模型研究

为能够快速准确地对高校发明专利质量进行评估,充分考虑专利的文本属性和结构化数据信息,基于深度学习技术构建基于GRU-Attention机制的高校发明专利质量评估模型,并通过引入衡量高校发明专利质量的关键指标及权重信息对初始模型进行改进.经验证,结合专家知识改进后的评估模型在稳定性和准确率上有明显优势,能够为高校发明专利...     

专利竞争力评估系统设计与高价值专利识别

以快速、有效识别高质量专利为目标,设计一种专利竞争力评估软件系统,由数据库、指标体系、用户管理和可视化等功能模块构成,可实现千件级专利数据的快速导入、评分和可视化结果导出.利用自建航空专利数据库和外部专利数据进行实例验证,评估结果和可视化分析表明,金奖专利、高转化价值专利得分最高,专利布局更加合理.最后,结合内外部性能...     

面向智能船舶相关技术的专利分析研究

从专利统计层面对智能船舶技术全球分布态势、主要专利权人、主要竞争对手的技术分布、专利价值、重点专利、主IPC分布对比分析;并且通过3D专利地图对热点技术领域可视化分析。从专利价值层面来看,中国虽然在智能船舶技术领域拥有大量的专利,但是专利质量普遍较低;从创新主体来看,国外多为科研机构和企业,而中国高校占绝对优势。从技术研究热点来看,智能船舶技术主要集中在智能运动控制、航线规划、通信导航。最后,通过上述分析明确我国在智能船舶技术领域布局的特点和存在的不足,为智能船舶技术的发展提出可行性的建议。     

多元主体需求下的专利预警研究回顾与展望

以现有专利预警相关文献为研究对象,通过系统回顾与深度分析,对多元主体需求下的专利预警研究现状进行总结与梳理,分析其主要特征,并提出促进专利预警研究创新发展的改进思路与方向.研究发现:目前针对专利预警的概念内涵主要围绕专利威胁态势、专利竞争风险和专利侵权纠纷等视角展开探讨,关于专利预警机制建立的必要性、基本原则、关键作用...     

1992年至1993年我国11种体育科技核心期刊引文分析

采用引文分析法对国内11种体育核心期刊的引文进行了统计、分析,得出如下结论:1,体育核心期刊的平均引文量严重不足远远低于国内科技期刊的平均引大量;2,体育核心期刊的引文来源以期刊为主;3,体育核心期刊对国外体育科技文献及科研成果的吸收能力较强;4,体育核心期刊的最大引文年限为5～6年,体育科学文献的半衰期为6.6年;5,11种体育核心期刊引文的著录格式程度不同地存在不规范问题。