Universal Service from the Bottom Up: A Study of Telephone Penetration in Camden,New Jersey

Ethnographic methods and geographic information systems were used to investigate the extent, causes and consequences of telephone disconnection in Camden, NJ. The results have significant implications for public policies intended to promote universal telephone penetration. Universal service is usually perceived as an issue for rural areas and the elderly, but the most extensive pockets of low telephone penetration are found in inner cities, where the problem is associated with the young, the transient, and ethnic minorities. The basic monthly rate paid by subscribers is usually thought to be the most important factor affecting affordability, but the data suggest that most marginal users are driven off the network by usage-related costs, and more generally by the problem of credit-worthiness. Given prevailing consumption patterns in low-income urban areas, ''electronic redlining'' seems less of a threat than that poor Americans will, upon exposure to the advanced features of the national information infrastructure (NII), buy services that they cannot afford. Intellectuals and policy analysts value telephone service more than cable television service, but residents of inner cities frequently do not agree with this evaluation. In reformulating universal service policy, we must take account of the growing heterogeneity of telecommunications services, and keep in mind the importance of credit risk as a factor affecting the public's ability to access and use telecommunication networks.     

舰体侵彻破坏环境分析

导弹对舰船的破坏首先是弹体对舰体的侵彻,采用有限元法,建立适当的计算模型,利用大型有限元动力分析软件LS—DYNA对舰船遭受导弹等武器攻击的侵彻阶段进行数值实验研究,给出侵彻阶段舰船的破坏环境,非常具有实际意义,研究结果对开展相关研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Measuring Patterns of Self-Disclosure in Intercultural Friendship: Adjusting Differential Item Functioning Using Multiple-Indicators,Multiple-Causes Models

This study examined how friendship types, levels of friendship, and cultural backgrounds affected breadth of self-disclosure (BSD). BSD was measured with six self-disclosure topic items—in which higher scores indicated greater willingness to engage in conversations about various topics—from three groups with varying experiences with intercultural friendships. Confirmatory factor analysis was used with Multiple-Indicators, Multiple-Causes models to control for the influence of differential item functioning (DIF, groups responding differently to particular items). Findings in this study found significant evidence of DIF. These findings highlight the complex role of cultural backgrounds in the social penetration processes in intercultural friendships.     

Ammonium oxalate treatment: Evaluation by μ-Raman mapping of the penetration depth in different plasters

This study is focused on the evaluation by μRaman mapping of the penetration depth achieved by ammonium oxalate treatment in different plaster specimens, a hot issue in the conservation field. The role of the carbonatic aggregate particles and the influence of the different variables of the treatment on the penetration depth and on the distribution of the newly-formed phase (whewellite) have been ascertained. Based on the results of μRaman mapping, analyses with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy have been carried out in order to observe the whewellite crystals and the carbonatic aggregate particles involved in the reaction with ammonium oxalate.     

小学体育教学中德育的渗透

体育是小学生成长过程中的重要学科,对学生强身健体有着积极的意义,能够培养学生积极向上的精神风貌,让学生更具个人魅力。但是,部分学生在体育活动中,忽视了德育的存在,只关注运动的结果,缺乏运动所需要的身心素养。为了改变学生的这种现状,小学体育教师在教学中进行德育渗透,借助生活,提出问题,促进合作,丰富实践,组织竞赛,以推动学生素养的发展。     

Idiomatic Communication in the Stages of Coming Together and Falling Apart

Idiomatic communication is a strategic and unique form of communication that is indicative of a close relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between idiomatic communication with solidarity and satisfaction to validate Social Penetration Theory using Knapp's stages of escalation and de-escalation. The results of the study (N = 275) found that couples in de-escalation stages report less idioms, and use idioms with less frequency, than couples in the escalation stages. Couples in de-escalating stages use confrontation, nickname, and teasing insult idioms with more negative effects than escalating couples. Finally, the use of idiomatic communication is significantly related to solidarity and relational satisfaction.     

核心素养下高中物理教学中的德育渗透

在现阶段的高中物理教学中,学生的核心素养问题备受社会各界人士关注.本文将从核心素养的渗透对于高中物理的教学意义,教学过程中可能遇到的问题以及如何将核心素养有效渗透我们的教学方法这三个方面进行一一阐述.     

Stone consolidation: The role of treatment procedures

Four types of carbonate stones and three consolidation products were used in a systematic study to assess the influence of the application procedures on the amount of product applied, as a primary step to evaluate consolidation treatments. Microdrilling, ultrasonic velocity and flexural resistance were used as performance indicators. The amount of product of a specific treatment and its action depend on the application procedures, both when the treatments are carried out in the laboratory and on site. The results are expected to contribute to the standardisation of testing protocols on stone consolidation.     

浅析中学生体育教学中如何渗透心理健康教育

随着我国对青少年身心健康的关注,发现应该在学生学习期间为其提供心理健康教育教学,提高学生的心理素质,让其可以消解学习压力及生活压力等不良情绪。但是将其单独设立为一门课程时,没有达到教学效果,有的学校对此并不重视,所以本文研究在中学的体育教学过程中渗透心理健康教育,使该门课程不仅可以锻炼学生的体魄,还可以提高学生的心理素质。     

N-正丁基苯甲酰-2-磺酰内亚胺的合成

采用二水合糖精钠和溴代正丁烷为主要原料,四丁基溴化铵作为相转移催化剂合成了噻酮。结果发现,温度升高有利于提高产率,而过高的温度会提高副反应的速度。溴代正丁烷用量的增加有利于提高产率,但当其用量超过理论量时,产率不再增大,且副产物增多。反应时间超过12h反应产率平稳。四丁基溴化铵与溴代正丁烷之比为0.05:1时,反应产率达到最高。