Cytotoxicity and enhancement activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer简

The aim of this present study is to investigate the effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil (essential oil from Z. bungeanum Maxim.) on cytotoxicity and the transdermal permeation of 5-fluorouracil and indomethacin. The cytotoxicity of Z. bungeanum oil on dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes was studied using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The rat skin was employed to determine the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of Z. bungeanum oil on hydrophilic and lipophilic model drugs, i.e., 5-fluorouracil and indomethacin. The secondary structure changes of the rat stratum corneum (SC) were determined using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and saturated solubilities and SC/vehicle partition coefficients of two model drugs with and without Z. bungeanum oil were also measured to understand its related mechanisms of action. It was found that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of Z. bungeanum oil were significantly lower in HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cell lines compared to the well-established and standard penetration enhancer Azone. The Z. bungeanum oil at various concentrations effectively facilitated the percutaneous penetration of two model drugs across the rat skin. In addition, the mechanisms of permeation enhancement by Z. bungeanum oil could be explained with saturated solubility, SC/vehicle partition coefficient, and secondary structure changes of SC.     

文体渗透与徐訏小说的文体渗透

文体是作家个性的外化,是作家的文体意识在创作中的一种表现。徐訏小说打破了各种文体之间的壁垒,扩大文体的张力,真正实现了不同文体之间互渗、互融、互利、互惠,为文学创作的多样性发展做出了贡献。     

N-正丁基苯甲酰-2-磺酰内亚胺的合成

采用二水合糖精钠和溴代正丁烷为主要原料,四丁基溴化铵作为相转移催化剂合成了噻酮。结果发现,温度升高有利于提高产率,而过高的温度会提高副反应的速度。溴代正丁烷用量的增加有利于提高产率,但当其用量超过理论量时,产率不再增大,且副产物增多。反应时间超过12h反应产率平稳。四丁基溴化铵与溴代正丁烷之比为0.05:1时,反应产率达到最高。     

电磁波在介质中透入深度的研究

本文针对一些教材中关于电磁波在介质中透入深度的解释过于简单不够深入、通过建立数学模型,结合理论推导,从介质分为非良导体与良导体等方向对透入深度作一定探讨.     

浅谈高中英语新课程情感态度的培养

《高中英语新课程标准》把英语课程的设置同提高整个民族的素质联系起来。新课程提倡素质教育,积极关注学生情感态度的发展,彻底改变了过去“只教书,不育人”的狭隘的教育模式。究竟如何更好地在高中英语新课程中实施情感态度的培养,实现德育教育在高中英语新课程中的渗透,本文作者提出了一些切实可行的教学模式,真正体现了“寓素质教育于外语教学中”的新课标精神。     

传统武术文化在现代武术教学中的渗透与创新

文章采用文献资料法、访谈法,提出了在武术教学过程中,借助传统武术文化来帮助学生实现身心的和谐良性发展;武术教学可以为学生的健康发展、为和谐校园的建设增添了一份活力;在现代武术教学中加大对传统武术文化的渗透与创新,具有多重深远的意义。     

语文课堂教学中的心理健康教育渗透

课堂教学中渗透心理辅导,是普通中学实施心理健康教育的重要途径。进行这一渗透,要从教材教学内容中挖掘渗透的因素,根据学生的实际需求选择合适的内容,采取多种灵活的方法,在整个过程中贯穿教育者的主动反思,做好全程全员的积极性评价激励。     

Universal Service from the Bottom Up: A Study of Telephone Penetration in Camden, New Jersey

Ethnographic methods and geographic information systems were used to investigate the extent, causes and consequences of telephone disconnection in Camden, NJ. The results have significant implications for public policies intended to promote universal telephone penetration. Universal service is usually perceived as an issue for rural areas and the elderly, but the most extensive pockets of low telephone penetration are found in inner cities, where the problem is associated with the young, the transient, and ethnic minorities. The basic monthly rate paid by subscribers is usually thought to be the most important factor affecting affordability, but the data suggest that most marginal users are driven off the network by usage-related costs, and more generally by the problem of credit-worthiness. Given prevailing consumption patterns in low-income urban areas, 'electronic redlining' seems less of a threat than that poor Americans will, upon exposure to the advanced features of the national information infrastructure (NII), buy services that they cannot afford. Intellectuals and policy analysts value telephone service more than cable television service, but residents of inner cities frequently do not agree with this evaluation. In reformulating universal service policy, we must take account of the growing heterogeneity of telecommunications services, and keep in mind the importance of credit risk as a factor affecting the public's ability to access and use telecommunication networks.     

Influences of Culture on Self-Disclosure as Relationally Situated in Intercultural and Interracial Friendships from a Social Penetration Perspective

Intercultural and interracial relationships face barriers, tensions, and challenges that are absent from intracultural and intraracial relationships. These challenges provide the impetus for this study to examine the influences of individualism-collectivism and relational intimacy on topics and dimensions of self-disclosure in intercultural/interracial friendships from a social penetration perspective. A total of 252 participants responded to the instruments measuring the constructs of interest. This study found: (1) relational intimacy was positively correlated with all six topics and four out of the five dimensions of self-disclosure; (2) individualism was a significant predictor of the five dimensions of self-disclosure as a set; and (3) one mirrors one's intercultural/interracial friend in all six topics and the positive/negative dimension of self-disclosure. These results suggest that relational intimacy has a greater impact on close intercultural and interracial friendships than cultural variability.     

如何在数学教学中渗透数学建模思想

本文针对高职院校数学教学中的实际问题,结合自身的教学经验,从多个角度阐述了如何采取与学生认知一致的方式,将数学建模思想渗透到数学教学中。