功成身退戏沧洲——李白“直挂云帆济沧海”新解

李白《行路难三首》其一的结句“长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海”,长期以来,人们一直把它当成“相信自己的理想抱负总有实现的一天”的意思来看待。事实上,这两句诗是李白人生理想的完整表达,第一句侧重表达的是坚信自己的政治理想和抱负总有实现的一天,第二句则表达的是坚信自己“功成身退”的生活理想一定会实现。     

Comparing teacher salaries: Insights from the U.S. census

Teachers are more likely to be found in rural communities and low-wage metropolitan areas than are college-educated workers in other occupations. This analysis explores the extent to which the geographic distribution of teachers explains the relatively low average wage found in other studies. The analysis suggests that excluding geographic indicators from the analysis downwardly biases estimates of relative teacher wages. One important implication of these findings is that researchers should pay attention to geographic wage variations when making earnings comparisons between teaching and other occupations.     

Efficiency,technology and productivity change in Australian universities, 1998–2003

In this study, productivity growth in 35 Australian universities is investigated using non-parametric frontier techniques over the period 1998–2003. The five inputs included in the analysis are full-time equivalent academic and non-academic staff, non-labour expenditure and undergraduate and postgraduate student load while the six outputs are undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. completions, national competitive and industry grants and publications. Using Malmquist indices, productivity growth is decomposed into technical efficiency and technological change. The results indicate that annual productivity growth averaged 3.3% across all universities, with a range from −1.8% to 13.0%, and was largely attributable to technological progress. However, separate analyses of research-only and teaching-only productivity indicate that most of this gain was attributable to improvements in research-only productivity associated with pure technical and some scale efficiency improvements. While teaching-only productivity also contributed, the largest source of gain in that instance was technological progress offset by a slight fall in technical efficiency.     

Double your major,double your return?

We use the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates to provide the first estimates of the effect on earnings of having a double major. Overall, double majoring increases earnings by 2.3% relative to having a single major among college graduates without graduate degrees. Most of the gains from having a double major come from choosing fields across two different major categories. Graduates who combine an arts, humanities or social science major with a major in business, engineering, science or math have returns 7–50% higher than graduates with a single major in arts, humanities or social science. But such double major combinations have returns no higher than single majors in business, engineering, science or math. Majors combining business and science or math have returns more than 50% greater than the returns to having a single major in these fields.     

基于Nafion固定天青I和纳米CdS共修饰玻碳电极的H2O2生物传感器

利用滴涂于玻碳电极（GCE）表面的以Nnfion膜中负电性的磺酸基与天青I（AI）阳离子之间的静电作用,实现天青I在电极上的固定化,再通过静电吸附和自组装技术将纳米CdS吸附的辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）修饰到电极表面,制备出性能良好的H2O2生物传感器。采用循环伏安法（CV）和计时电流法考察了该传感器的电化学性质。实验表明,该传感器具有良好的生物催化活性,较高的灵敏度,良好的选择性和稳定性,且易于制作等特点。响应电流与H2O2浓度在8．0×10^-6～1．6×10^-3 moL／L范围呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2．72×10^-6 moL／L。     

Investigating the interaction and mutual dependence between science and technology

Literature on the economics of science and technology (S&T) suggests not only that technological innovation demands the expansion of the institutional borders between universities, research institutes, industrial companies and the financial system, but also that science leads as well as follows technology. Medical innovation in particular is very dependent on scientific research, which represents a source of information that impels the productive sector. The latter introduces a series of questions that motivate the researchers in their attempt to understand how the human body reacts to certain products and therapies. This paper analyses the pattern of S&T interaction for both the national system of innovation (NSI) and the health innovation system. The panel data and simultaneous equations models analyze the interaction between S&T. The theory about the existence of a mutual dependence between them has been confirmed, which means that science moves technology and technology also influences scientific development. The estimated models, which use data from scientific papers and patents as proxies of science and technology, represent just the tip of the iceberg called NSI, known as a multifaceted and complex institutional arrangement.     

A utility model for teaching load decisions in academic departments

The authors model the class size and teaching load decisions of academic departments in terms of a departmental utility function. Utility is postulated to be asymmetric around class size and teaching load norms, and variables for curricular structure, disciplinary domain, and institutional type are taken into account. Maximization of the utility function produces decision rules for the number of sections to be offered for each course, and hence the faculty's overall teaching load. A nonlinear estimator is developed for the decision rules' parameters and applied to data from four liberal arts colleges and two research universities. Results are consistent with theories about faculty discretionary time and with expectations about the effects of curricular structure on class size. The paper concludes with a discussion about the effects of enrollment uncertainty on faculty load decisions.     

新型数控I2C总线彩电特有故障检修的要点

目前市售的新型数控彩电都采用I^2C总线控制技术。使电视机的电路结构发生了较大的变化，从而新型数控彩电的故障现象、故障原因、故障处理方法都与传统彩电有很大的不同。本文主要从新型数控I^2C总线彩电的结构出发，结合本人的实践教学工作经验，介绍了检修新型数控I^2C总线彩电故障过程中对I^2C总线彩电特有故障处理时应注意的要点。     

沿海地区设计潮位计算方法探讨

采用P-Ⅲ型分布及极值Ⅰ型分布,研究了沿海地区设计潮位计算方法.阐述了资料的一致性检验的方法.结合坎门站潮位资料,对比了两种方法的计算效果.结果表明,两种方法对不同重现期设计值的估计结果相当,但P-Ⅲ型分布计算时参数的选取与习惯用法不符,因此,建议采用极值Ⅰ型分布进行设计潮位计算.     

从《我与地坛》看史铁生对生命的沉思

史铁生是当代文坛最具有哲学思想的作家之一。《我与地坛》是作家历经磨难和困苦之后的心血之作,积融了他十五年来对生命爱和忧的沉思与断想。史铁生在《我与地坛》中不断地探寻生命的价值和意义,不仅看到生命中难以承受苦难的普遍性,也敢于在苦难中不吝前行,更把自己融入到生命整体的永恒流变中。从理解苦难到勇于生存,从敢于生存到懂得生活,一种宏阔而恒远的境界由此洋溢在个体周围,最终成就了作家内心无限的希冀与不舍的探寻。