复肾口服液对阿霉素肾病大鼠肾脏形态的影响

目的：观察复肾口服液对阿霉素肾病大鼠肾脏的形态学影响。方法：采用尾静脉一次性注射阿霉素（ADR）复制肾病综合征模型。用光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察肾小球毛细血管、上皮细胞、基底膜及肾小管的病理形态学改变。结果：复肾口服液能使阿霉素肾病大鼠蛋白尿显著降低，肾小管管腔内的蛋白管型明显减少，肾小球淤血及上皮细胞和基底膜的损伤程度明显减轻，肾小球上皮细胞足突融合明显改善。结论：复肾口服液可促进肾病大鼠肾小球上皮细胞的修复及滤过膜功能的恢复，但存在着量效依赖关系。     

蜘蛛抱蛋亚族的花粉形态

 本文研究并报道了百合科蜘蛛抱蛋亚族的花粉形态，主要结论如下：1．开口箭属含两种花粉类型即：(1)单槽、椭圆形；(2)无萌发孔、球形。具单槽、椭圆形花粉的种类含单型性核型，花形较小，柱头小而花柱短，雄蕊高于柱头；无萌发孔、球形花粉的种类则为单型性核型，花形较大，柱头常高度膨大，雄蕊常着生在花被筒基部。2．万年青属花粉为椭圆形，具单槽；蜘蛛抱蛋属花粉则为球形，无萌发孔；开口箭属花粉一部分与万年青属相似，另一部分则与蜘蛛抱蛋属雷同。3．蜘蛛抱蛋亚族中最原始的花粉类型为单槽椭圆形，具孔状或网状外壁纹饰。球形，无萌发孔，外壁具皱波状、瘤状或芽孢状纹饰的花粉为派生类型。4．蜘蛛抱蛋亚族种下花粉形状、萌发孔类型和外壁纹饰基本稳定，可作为分种特征。     

Processing inflected morphology in second language word recognition: Russian-speakers and English-speakers read Hebrew

This paper reports on an investigation into the morphosyntactic processing of second language (L2) learners who differ in terms of language learning experience. The chief area of interest was the relationship of L2 learning patterns and experience to the acquisition of automatized processing skills in the morphological domain. English- and Russian-native speakers of Hebrew as L2 were assessed on their sensitivity to complex morphological structures which do not exist in their respective native languages (L1). The Hebrew word formation rule which was the focus of investigation was the affixation of prepositions to nouns, resulting in single words which are also full prepositional phrases. In both English and Russian, prepositions and nouns in prepositional phrases must be autonomous. Participants named high frequency words of one (e.g., /parah/ cow) and three morphemes (e.g., /bakis/ in the pocket), which were presented in a control condition and also presented in conditions which either preserved or disrupted the natural morpheme boundaries through the manipulation of font-size. In addition to the experimental measure, participants were also asked to read an expositional passage from a popular Israeli newspaper. Results showed that the Russians, although significantly more accurate than the English speakers at text reading, were significantly less accurate and slower than the English at the naming task, and less impaired by the experimental manipulations. The results are discussed in terms of automaticity, print exposure and age of L2 acquisition.     

裂瓜属的研究

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis- tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper.  Having comme- nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au- thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri- be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.      The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view.  Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera.      The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).  The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.      According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe- cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi- zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.      The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment.  After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed.  The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods.  At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram.  The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.      Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

The Processing of Inflectional Morphology: A Comparison of Children with and without Dyslexia

Children aged 11–12 years with a diagnosis of dyslexia (DR) were compared to chronological and reading-age matched poor readers (PR), and two normal reader groups, age-matched (CA) and spelling and reading-age matched (SA–RA), on their processing of inflectional morphology. In comparison to SA–RAs and PRs, the DRs made more spelling errors on regular past tense verb endings relative to irregular past tense verbs and non-verbs. In reading, the DRs took longer than the other groups to make decisions in the written but not oral condition of a tense judgement task. In addition, they were less affected than the PR and SA–RA groups by case altered disruption to the morpheme boundary of inflected verbs. The findings suggest dyslexic children do not show deficits in morphological processing in spoken language, but they are slower at reading and less accurate at spelling regularly inflected verbs compared with normally developing younger children. This difference could plausibly be accommodated within the Phonological Deficit Hypothesis of dyslexia.     

对胎儿胸腺细胞、血胸屏障和胸腺小体的形态学研究

为了阐明不同胎龄胸腺细胞、血胸屏障及胸腺小体的形态特点,使用光镜和电镜技术,观察了受精龄10～40周胎儿胸腺31例,对胸腺细胞早期,中期与成熟过程中超微结构特点,血胸屏障层次与特点和胸腺小体的密度和超微结构,进行观察、统计和讨论、为临床利用胎儿胸腺提供了形态学依据.     

Study on<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombyx mori</Emphasis> silk treated by oxygen plasma

Study of the morphology, aggregation structure and properties ofBombyx mori silk treated by low temperature oxygen plasma showed that slight flutes appeared on the surface ofBombyx mori silk fiber and that its surface structure changed after plasma treatment. The conformation also changed and crystalline degree decreased. The stannic filling rate of treated fiber was improved. Because of etching, the weight of the fiber decreased but the breaking strength changed little after short-time treatment. Project (No. 50073013) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Explicit instruction in orthographic structure and word morphology helps Chinese children learn to write characters

Previous research in alphabetic languages had shown that children learning to write are sensitive to morphological information, and that it serves as a resource that they draw upon as they acquire writing skills. In Chinese as well, sensitivity to morphological and orthographic information had been found to predict children’s ability to read characters. The present study investigated whether raising children’s awareness of the morphemic and orthographic structure of Chinese words would lead to beneficial results in their learning to write Chinese. An experimental group of 144 first graders from two primary schools in Beijing, China were given instruction designed to increase their knowledge of the orthographic and morphological structure of Chinese words. After two semesters, the experimental group’s ability to copy Chinese characters and to write them from memory were both found to be significantly better than a control group. Theoretical implications are discussed, including how writing benefits from the types of linguistic knowledge that underlie lexical storage and retrieval in reading and speech. Educational implications are also discussed, such as how drawing children’s attention to the morphemic components of Chinese words and the systematic features of Chinese orthography provides them with multiple sources of information they may utilize in learning to write.     

花粉中微量元素的ICP-MS法分析

报道了采用微波消解法处理样品,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定花粉中微量元素的方法.在优化实验条件下,方法的检出限为0.006 9~20.3μg/g,相对标准偏差为2.70%~9.86%,回收率为89.3%~109.6%.     

Learning to spell in Hebrew: Phonological and morphological factors

This paper investigates children's developingknowledge of the Hebrew spelling system in view of theclaim that language-specific typology affects the rateand the pattern of development of orthographicspelling. Hebrew is a morphologically syntheticlanguage with a phonologically ``deep' orthography, onthe one hand, and a consistent representation ofmorphology in the spelling system, on the other. Thispaper focuses on the difference between representingcontent words versus grammatical words, and rootsversus morphemic and attached function letters inwritten Hebrew. The paper describes two studies. InStudy 1, compositions from gradeschool children (grade1 through 6) were analyzed for types of spellingerrors; in Study 2, children from grades 2–4 wereadministered a spelling task. Results indicate thatgrammatical words are spelled correctly before contentwords, and that within content words, the correctspelling of function letters precedes that of rootletters. These differences are attributed to factorsof transparency, consistency and frequency, coupledwith gradeschoolers' growing perception ofphonological and morphological patterning in Hebrew.