侵财型职务犯罪情况分析及预防对策研究——以乐山市为例

我国刑法界定的职务犯罪是指国家机关、企业事业单位、国有公司、人民团体工作人员利用已有职权,徇私舞弊、贪污、贿赂、滥用职权、玩忽职守,侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利,破坏国家对公务活动的规章规范,依照刑法应当处以刑罚处罚的犯罪.此类犯罪具有严重的社会危害性,一是危害人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度的政治基础;二是危害国家财产所有权和劳动群众集体所有的财产,危害社会主义的经济基础;三是破坏正常的社会秩序和经济秩序.文章对乐山市十年来职务犯罪中侵犯财产型案件的相关情况进行了调查分析,对此类犯罪的规律、特点和原因进行了归纳总结,并以此为基础提出预防职务犯罪的相应对策.     

浅析运动损伤的心理预防——围绕“应壮运动损伤”模型

体育竞技场上的运动损伤虽不可避免,但通过有效的心理预防可在一定程度上减少受伤的可能性。本文提出,发生运动损伤的心理致因主要是应激认知失当,主要有生活事件处理不当,临场反应失衡及运动损伤史的消极影响。针对这些问题,提出要调整应激认知,正确处理社会关系;设置可行目标,掌握心理应付技能;塑造积极性思维,认识正确运动损伤史。     

技术预见对政府科技治理的影响机制研究

从技术预见的形成机制入手,深入分析技术预见的参与主体和理论基础,并从技术预见价值理念转变的视角分析技术预见的形成机制,从事先预防机制、政策制定工具、边际溢出效应等三个方面探讨技术预见对科技治理的影响机制,展现技术预见作为政策工具的价值性、创新性和指导性作用.最后从科技实际需求出发开展技术预见、重视科技人才的培养和引进、...     

The Teacher's Voice: Vocal training in teacher education

The voice is a basic tool in human communication and an important factor in a positive self‐understanding and identity, both for the teacher's sense of profession and for the pupils' ability to express themselves orally; two perspectives of great importance in the Norwegian National Curriculum. Voice disorders are common among teachers world‐wide and seem to be increasing. Voice problems influence the teachers' ability to teach effectively. An historical review illustrates the significance of the oral tradition in Norwegian teacher education. Against the background of recent studies that show that voice training courses given to different professional groups prevent voice disorders, a proposal is presented for the organisation of vocal training in Norwegian teacher education. The purpose is to emphasise the clear link between teaching and voice disorders and to focus on the prevention of voice problems among teachers by reintroducing voice training in teacher training.     

贿赂犯罪中情境预防对策的引入及其运用——以建设项目招投标领域为考察对象

贿赂犯罪一直是我国刑法打击的重点,已有的统计数据表明,较多的贿赂犯罪发生在建设项目招投标领域,传统刑法方法的被动性导致其在打击此类犯罪时的效果不甚理想,值得反思。寻找有效预防和遏制建设项目招投标领域贿赂犯罪的方法,变被动打击为主动防御,无疑有着重要的理论和现实意义。引入情境预防理论或许是一条有益的路径。情境预防理论是一套系统的犯罪预防策略体系,其立足于犯罪学的立场,跳出传统的刑罚遏制范式,强调事前预防以及与刑事处罚的结合运用,以此对建设项目招投标领域的贿赂犯罪起到较好的预防和遏制作用。     

The Short-Term Effects of a Computer-Based Pregnancy,STD, and HIV Prevention Program

A computer- and Internet-based intervention was designed to influence several variables related to the prevention of pregnancy, STDs, and HIV in rural adolescents. Three-hundred and thirty-eight tenth-graders enrolled in two rural public high schools participated in this field experiment. Results indicate that students in the experimental school had greater knowledge, greater condom negotiation efficacy, greater situational efficacy, and more favorable attitudes toward waiting to have sex than students in the control school. In tandem, the results suggest that computer-based programs may be a cost-effective and easily replicable means of providing teens with basic information and skills necessary to prevent pregnancy, STDs, and HIV.     

预防与赈济:近代官府对安徽灾荒的救治

近代安徽自然灾害极其频繁。在全部救灾主体中,政府居于最关键的地位,扮演最重要的角色。近代官府对安徽灾荒的救治,既有兴修水利、农业推广、植树造林以及储粮备荒、兴办农村合作事业等防灾减灾的措施,也有赈济灾民、蠲免赋税等救灾赈济之举,些措施对保障灾民的生活和经济的恢复和发展是起到一定的积极作用。     

Monitoring Classroom Behavior in Early Childhood: Using Group Observation Data to Make Decisions

Monitoring and evaluating classroom behavior in early childhood for the purpose of improving teaching and learning is critical. There is a clear link between social behavior and academic learning. Classrooms where students are following expectations, engaging academically, and transitioning effectively between activities are classrooms where students spend more time accessing instruction. In order to make efficient and effective decisions for class-wide supports, data should be collected on the class as a whole. With accurate data, interventions can be implemented for the whole group that will increase instructional time. In this paper we propose quick and efficient data collection methods for three key behaviors: following expectations, engaging academically, and transitioning amongst activities. With minimal disruption and effort, teachers can collect data that will enable them to support appropriate behaviors, ensure that students understand behavioral expectations, maintain an organized environment, improve positive interactions, and decrease the number of students needing intensive, individualized supports.     

Using time-to-event analysis to identify preconception and prenatal predictors of child protective services contact

We examined preconception and prenatal predictors of time to first child protective services (CPS) contact among Alaska children. Data were from the Alaska Longitudinal Child Abuse and Neglect Linkage (ALCANLink) project, a population-representative data source linking 2009–2011 Alaska Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data with administrative data sources through 2015. We examined the incidence CPS contact using the Kaplan-Meier method and predictors of CPS contact using Cox proportional hazards regression. Using data from the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend and Child Death Review, we censored children who emigrated out-of-state or died during the study period. Significant predictors included low socioeconomic status (HR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.68, 2.96), maternal smoking during pregnancy (HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.55, 2.24), unmarried maternal marital status (HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.31, 1.99), urban residence (HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.32, 1.92), lower maternal education (HR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.24, 1.92), maternal experience of intimate partner violence in the 12 months before childbirth(HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.01, 1.74), Alaska Native/American Indian race (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.15, 1.71), a greater number of living children (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13, 1.29), a greater number of stressful life eventsin the 12 months before childbirth (HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.11, 1.21), and younger maternal age at childbirth (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93, 0.97). Use of multiple linked data sources and time-to-event analysis methods adds to the growing literature regarding predictors of CPS contact. Results suggest that assessing for and addressing clinical, social, and environmental indicators during the prenatal period may aid prevention efforts in mitigating family need for involvement with CPS.     

Eight-year outcome of implementation of abusive head trauma prevention

Low incidence rates and economic recession have hampered interpretation of educational prevention efforts to reduce abusive head trauma (AHT). Our objective was to determine whether the British Columbia experience implementing a province-wide prevention program reduced AHT hospitalization rates. A 3-dose primary, universal education program (the Period of PURPLE Crying) was implemented through maternal and public health units and assessed by retrospective-prospective surveillance. With parents of all newborn infants born between January 2009 and December 2016 (n = 354,477), nurses discussed crying and shaking while delivering a booklet and DVD during maternity admission (dose 1). Public health nurses reinforced Talking Points by telephone and/or home visits post-discharge (dose 2) and community education was instituted annually (dose 3). During admission, program delivery occurred for 90% of mothers. Fathers were present 74.4% of the time. By 2–4 months, 70.9% of mothers and 50.5% of fathers watched the DVD and/or read the booklet. AHT admissions decreased for <12-month-olds from 10.6 (95% CI: 8.3–13.5) to 7.1 (95% CI: 4.8–10.5) or, for <24-month-olds, from 6.7 (95% CI: 5.4–8.3) to 4.4 (95% CI: 3.1–6.2) cases per 100,000 person-years. Relative risk of admission was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.42–1.07, P = 0.090) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.43-0.99, P = 0.048) respectively. We conclude that the intervention was associated with a 35% reduction in infant AHT admissions that was significant for <24-month-olds. The results are encouraging that, despite a low initial incidence and economic recession, reductions in AHT may be achievable with a system-wide implementation of a comprehensive parental education prevention program.