Factors influencing electronic health record adoption by physicians: A multilevel analysis

In Canada, the healthcare system remains paper-laden, and EHR adoption by physicians lags behind many other industrial countries. Recent reviews identified individual and organizational factors as having the most important influence on EHR adoption and proposed taking a multidimensional perspective to study these adoption determinants. However, most studies have focused on physician EHR adoption measured at the individual level.ObjectivesFirst, we used a multilevel regression model to assess whether organizations' characteristics influenced physician behavioral intention to use EHR. Second, we sought to identify individual and organizational factors that explain physician intention.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross-sectional study among physicians in 49 primary healthcare organizations in four regions of the province of Quebec (Canada). We first analyzed relationships between individual and organizational variables and intention. Second, we performed multilevel modeling to explore organizational characteristics' impact on physician intention to use EHR.Results278 completed questionnaires were returned from the 31 organizations that had at least 5 participants (response rate: 39.8%). Questionnaires showed satisfactory psychometric properties. The multilevel modeling found no significant overall influence of organizational level on physician intention to use EHR. Second, six of the individual level constructs had a positive and strongly significant impact on physician intention.ConclusionIn the Quebec context, organization-level seems to have no significant impact on EHR adoption by physicians. Hence, particular strategies are more likely to succeed if they target individual physicians rather than organizations.     

形式化方法--Z语言在西瓜棋中应用的研究

Z语言是目前广泛使用的一种形式化方法语言。它具有简明、精确、无歧义的优点。本文利用Z语言对一种棋类游戏——西瓜棋进行了描述，并给出了西瓜棋游戏从状态模式到操作模式的需求规格说明。     

自然语言转换为受控语言的语义工具——入口词表模块

美国伯克莱大学近年来开发设计的语义工具———入口词表模块(EVM),目标是实现自然语言到受控语言的转换。本文详细介绍了EVM的创建过程和实现机制,首先利用数据检索代理和清洗代理从远程数据库中下载记录;然后抽取代理和构建代理利用下载的数据,采用统计学的方法计算自然语言词汇和受控语言词汇之间的关系,构建关联词典;最后由桌面代理和领域代理提供给用户感兴趣的领域,帮助用户进行检索。另外还列举了目前已经建立的几种模块,如INSPEC、MEDLINE、PATENTS等。最后还提出了这一项目未来需要改进的工作。     

基于擦除法的C语言动画设计与实现

本文介绍了程序设计语言中动画设计的原理，在C语言中的动画设计常用方法。并提出了在C语言中新的动画设计方法——擦除法。阐述擦除法动画设计的原理，并通过一个具体的实例详细介绍了这种方法的设计实现，文中末尾总结了擦除法动画设计的优点及适用的范围。     

原发性痛经的中医药研究与治疗进展

收集近十余年原发性痛经中医药研究的文献资料,从病因病机、中药内服治疗、外治治疗、中成药治疗及导引、五行音乐对该病的治疗等方面进行了综述。     

《辽史》与辽人语境中的契丹西楼

今本《辽史》有关契丹西楼的记载,以《太祖本纪》中保留的3条记录最为原始,故其史料价值独高。契丹西楼最早是指代辽朝初年行政中心所在的地域名称,而非特指某处或某组具体建筑。辽朝初年,其行政中心曾经有过一个由西楼到上京的历史发展过程。契丹西楼得名应该早于公元912年,神册三年（918）皇都建成后,在辽人语境中,西楼遂改称皇都。到了会同元年（938）十一月太宗诏改＂皇都为上京＂以后,皇都之称则又停废,从此直到辽亡,官方正式文献中始终都称上京。     

英汉网络语言的构词共性研究

词汇是构成语言的三大要素之一,它在承载着语音的内容同时又体现着语法的功能。词汇作为一个开放的体系,是语言中最敏感、最富于变化的部分。网络的出现催生了大量的网络词语。我们的研究表明,英汉网络词语主要通过合成、缩略、转义和生造法构成,体现了两种语言的共性,反映了网络语言的简洁、新颖和不稳定性。     

A large-scale donor attempt to improve educational status of the poor and household income distribution: The experience of PEDC in Vietnam

In 2003, donors combined together in Vietnam to support the provision of quality primary schooling for 226 disadvantaged districts (about a third of the country). US$160 million was invested in infrastructure, materials and training across the 226 districts. The programme has been commended by donors and received good press inside Vietnam. Comparison of achievement surveys in 2001 and 2007 showed, however, that there had been a decline in performance in the targeted districts. This article explores various hypotheses as to how this could have happened; and in particular the increasing amounts spent by better-off households on their children's education.     

Profiles of emergent literacy skills among preschool children who are at risk for academic difficulties

The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of within-group variability in the emergent literacy skills of preschoolers who are at risk for academic difficulties. We used the person-centered approach of cluster analysis to identify profiles of emergent literacy skills, taking into account both oral language and code-related skills. Participants were 492 preschoolers (aged 42-60 months) enrolled in needs-based programs. In the fall of the academic year, children were administered eight measures of emergent literacy: four oral language measures (i.e., expressive and receptive grammar, expressive and receptive vocabulary) and four code-related measures (i.e., print concepts, alphabet knowledge, name writing, and rhyme). Controlling for age, hierarchical-agglomerative and K-means cluster analysis procedures were employed. Five psychometrically sound profiles emerged: highest emergent literacy (prevalence = 14%); three profiles with average oral language and differential code-related abilities (16%, 24%; 23%); and lowest oral language with broad code-related weaknesses (23%). Profiles were then compared on midyear teacher ratings of emergent literacy as well as end-of-kindergarten literacy performance; results provided convergent evidence of predictive validity. This study highlights the considerable heterogeneity of emergent literacy abilities within an “at-risk” group. The resulting profiles have theoretical and practical relevance when examining both concurrent relationships between oral language and code-related skills as well as longitudinal relationships between early patterns of performance and later reading achievement.     

语文教育要切实加强语文基础——从语文教材谈起

当前的语文教材普遍存在三大突出问题:一是教材内容缺乏必要的语文知识;二是练习设计缺少有效的能力训练;三是单元主题只有人文,没有语文。教材是教学的凭借。语文教材不努力改变这三缺现象,夯实语文基础,所谓提高学生语文素养的理想高楼只能是海市蜃楼。