Japanese Conceptions of Privacy: An Intercultural Perspective

This paper deals with intercultural aspects of privacy, particularly with regard to important differences between Japanese and the Western views. This paper is based on our discussions with Rafael Capurro – a dialogue now represented by two separate but closely interrelated articles. The companion paper is broadly focused on the cultural and historical backgrounds of the concepts of privacy and individualism in “Western” worlds; our main theme focuses on different concepts of privacy in Japan and their sources in related aspects of Japanese culture. The interrelationship between our two papers is apparent in our taking up identical or similar topics in each paper. Reading our two papers in conjunction with each other will bring about deeper and broader insights into the diverse values and worldviews of Japan and Western cultures that underlie concepts of privacy that at a surface level appear to be similar     

Using the Content of Online Privacy Notices to Inform Public Policy: A Longitudinal Analysis of the 1998-2001 U.S. Web Surveys

In the United States, Congress has had a long-standing interest in consumer privacy and the extent to which company practices are based on fair information practices. Previously, public policy was largely informed by anecdotal evidence about the effectiveness of industry self-regulatory programs. However, the Internet has made it possible to unobtrusively sample web sites and their privacy disclosures in a way that is not feasible in the offline world. Beginning in 1998, the Federal Trade Commission relied upon a series of three surveys of web sites to assess whether organizations post online privacy disclosures and whether these disclosures represent the U.S. definition of fair information practices. While each year's survey has provided an important snapshot of U.S. web-site practices, there has been no longitudinal analysis of the multiyear trends. This study compares a subset of equivalent individual-level web-site data for the 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 web surveys. Implications for using this type of research to inform public policy are discussed.     

几种隐私数据挖掘算法研究进展

隐私数据挖掘是数据挖掘的一个重要研究方向,它旨在研究在数据挖掘过程中如何保护私有的和敏感的数据不被泄露。文章阐述几种常用的隐私数据挖掘算法,分析它们的技术特点,文末对几种隐私数据挖掘技术进行总结与展望。     

A multicultural study of biometric privacy concerns in a fire ground accountability crisis response system

Biometric technology is rapidly gaining popularity as an access control mechanism in the workplace. In some instances, systems relying on biometric technology for access control have not been well received by employees. One potential reason for resistance may be perceived privacy issues associated with organizational collection and use of biometric data. This research draws on previous organizational information handling and procedural fairness literature to frame and examine these underlying privacy issues. Perceived accountability, perceived vulnerability, and distrust were distilled from the previous literature as the primary dimensions of employee privacy concerns related to biometric technology. This study assesses the effects of these privacy concerns, how they vary based on the cultural influences of Anglos and Hispanics.Fire ground accountability is a critical management objective in the firefighting domain. In multi-unit or multi-agency crisis response scenarios, the on-scene incident commander tracks and accounts for each first responder. This research designed and deployed a new fire ground accountability system that tracked firefighters through finger pattern-based biometric logins to their assigned positions on the firefighting apparatus. An instrument measuring level of privacy concern on three underlying dimensions and demographic data was developed, validated and administered in a quasi-experimental field study. A pre-test–post-test survey methodology was employed to detect potential differences in privacy concerns as familiarity with the system increased. The study shows that Anglo and Hispanic subjects frame privacy issues differently associated with use of biometric technology in a fire ground accountability system. Finally, the study showed that some privacy concerns such as distrust and perceived vulnerability can be alleviated through system use with changes in post-use privacy concerns moderated by ethnic affiliation.     

图书馆的个人信息保护义务及立法完善

图书馆是个人信息保护的重要场所,一些国家和地区对图书馆的读者个人信息保护义务有相关规定,但是法律层次不高。我国现行法律虽已将个人信息纳入民事权益加以保护,但立法上欠缺完善的配套规定。因此,我国图书馆法中应当明确该义务及法律责任对推进图书馆法治建设的重要意义,在法律上明确规定图书馆个人信息保护的基本职责、利用读者个人信息的基本内容和程序、违反该义务应承担的法律责任。     

美国三大国家图书馆网站隐私政策比较研究

美国国会图书馆、国家医学图书馆和国家农业图书馆网站的隐私政策涉及用户信息收集的内容与目的、收集方法、个人信息的共享性、用户的选择与拒绝权、儿童隐私、网站链接以及网络交通安全,具有许多可取之处,也存在一些不足,但仍对我国图书馆界保护用户隐私具有借鉴意义。     

Do RFIDs (radio frequency identifier devices) provide new ethical dilemmas for librarians and information professionals?

This paper provides an analysis of the current and potential ethical implications of RFID technology for the library and information professions. These issues are analysed as a series of ethical dilemmas, or hard-to-resolve competing ethical obligations, which the librarian has in relationship to information objects, library users and the wider social and political environment or state. A process model of the library is used as a framework for the discussion to illustrate the relationship between the different participants in the library system and it is argued that ethical analysis should involve the identification of future developments as well as current issues. The analysis shows that RFIDs do currently pose some dilemmas for librarians in terms of the conflicts between efficient service, privacy of users and an obligation to protect the safety of society as a whole, and that these are likely to become more problematic as the technology develops. This paper is part 2 of a series of papers on RFIDs and the library and information professions.     

基于CBAM的初中英语骨干教师新课程关注研究

本研究以霍尔的关注为本采纳模式为基础,对新课程实施中的初中英语骨干教师关注阶段进行问卷调查,探索影响初中英语教师课程关注阶段的因素,为英语教师继续教育课程的设置和完善提供一些建议。研究结果表明:初中英语骨干教师主要处于CBAM的任务关注阶段和影响阶段;教龄不同的教师对新课程的关注发展阶段存在显著性差异。     

论档案信息共享中的隐私保护及新技术

针对档案信息资源共享的特点,采用有效的隐私保护技术实现档案信息的安全共享,防止敏感信息的泄露和被非法访问,已经成为当前国内外档案界一个亟待解决的课题。研究基于受限访问和自由访问的档案信息共享隐私保护的两种主流技术,并进行语义处理能力的分析;提出档案信息隐私保护的技术策略,一是以信息拥有者的隐私策略为研究对象,研究和实现基于策略的档案信息隐私保护技术,二是从知识和语义的角度研究信息匿名保护和隐私推理攻击的检测和防范,改进传统的匿名化隐私保护方法;采用基于知识技术的访问控制策略,研究档案信息共享隐私保护框架,使档案信息的共享安全具备智能处理的基础,在档案网站中的实践具有现实意义。     

青年教师关注高职课改调查分析及激励对策

以"教师关注"理论为基础,以关注发展阶段问卷为模板,通过评定青年教师的关注阶段,了解青年教师的关注点,对高职院青年教师在课程改革实施过程中的发展进行探究,以期设计更加有针对性的教学督导活动,为促进高职课程改革发展提供科学依据。