Effects of performance feedback valence on perceptions of invested mental effort

We investigated whether the valence of performance feedback provided after a task, would affect participants’ perceptions of how much mental effort they invested in that same task. In three experiments, we presented participants with problem-solving tasks and manipulated the presence and valence of feedback between conditions (no, positive, or negative feedback valence), prior to asking them to rate how much mental effort they invested in solving that problem. Across the three experiments–with different problem-solving tasks and participant populations–we found that subjective ratings of effort investment were significantly higher after negative than after positive feedback; ratings given without feedback fell in between. These findings show that feedback valence alters perceived effort investment (possibly via task perceptions or affect), which can be problematic when effort is measured as an indicator of cognitive load. Therefore, it seems advisable to measure mental effort directly after each task, before giving feedback on performance.     

Demystifying computational thinking

This paper examines the growing field of computational thinking (CT) in education. A review of the relevant literature shows a diversity in definitions, interventions, assessments, and models. After synthesizing various approaches used to develop the construct in K-16 settings, we have created the following working definition of CT: The conceptual foundation required to solve problems effectively and efficiently (i.e., algorithmically, with or without the assistance of computers) with solutions that are reusable in different contexts. This definition highlights that CT is primarily a way of thinking and acting, which can be exhibited through the use particular skills, which then can become the basis for performance-based assessments of CT skills. Based on the literature, we categorized CT into six main facets: decomposition, abstraction, algorithm design, debugging, iteration, and generalization. This paper shows examples of CT definitions, interventions, assessments, and models across a variety of disciplines, with a call for more extensive research in this area.     

基于DEA的我国上市建筑企业生产效率研究

以29家上市建筑企业为研究对象,构建我国上市建筑企业的投入产出评价指标体系。基于2012-2014年的平均数据,采用DEA模型进行生产效率评价。研究结果显示,我国建筑企业的纯技术效率一直处于稳定有效状态,综合技术效率低下源于资源配置的无效,资产投入冗余和主营业务利润率不足是造成多数建筑企业DEA无效的主要因素。还得出我国上市建筑企业目前普遍存在规模报酬递减的问题,并结合上述结论提出对策和建议。     

高技术公司R&D部门的员工绩效评价

对于高技术公司而言 ,R&D部门的员工绩效测度存在着较大的复杂性。本文指出 ,高技术公司R&D部门员工绩效评价体系不仅仅是为薪酬及奖励的分配提供依据 ,它还应对公司的人力资源管理和员工行为的导向性激励起推动作用。在此基础上 ,对绩效评价基础信息的获取、薪酬与绩效评价结果之间关系的确定、绩效评价的支持体系进行了分析。最后 ,本文对高技术公司R&D部门员工绩效考评的若干问题进行了进一步的探讨和总结。     

在供应链管理环境下"走出去"企业的汇率风险决策分析

"走出去"企业的经营面临越来越多的风险,汇率风险就是其中之一。在"走出去"企业的供应链管理中,实施怎样的供应链风险管理策略以降低供应链风险对企业整个供应链的影响,是我国众多"走出去"的企业亟待解决的一个重要问题。将汇率风险纳入企业供应链的决策模型中加以考虑,提高企业供应链的稳定性和运作效率是"走出去"企业供应链管理的关键。本文建立了基于汇率风险的企业供应链决策模型,并进行实证,为"走出去"企业的供应链管理决策提供参考。     

苏州产业集群与跨国公司互动关系的实证分析

我国当前大量的集群研究文献中一直以中小企业集群为主要研究对象，然而随着经济全球化的发展，跨国公司在集群中参与的重要性越来越突出。近年来，不少国外学者对跨国公司参与集群的研究领域进行了有益的探索。本文在理论回顾的基础上，以苏州产业集群为例对跨国公司与集群的互动关系进行了实证分析，指出其存在的优势和不足，并提出了对我国区域经济发展的启示。     

上市公司盈余管理行为对配股政策反应的实证研究

本文以实证研究方法，运用修正的Jones模型的截面版本，检验了上市公司盈余管理行为对中国证监会1996年1月与1999年3月出台的配股政策的反应，发现我国上市公司的盈余管理行为是政策诱致型的。因此，加强证券市场监管的市场化进程是治理盈余管理问题的根本出路。     

Developing children's conceptual understanding of area measurement: A curriculum and teaching experiment

The present study examined the effectiveness of three instructional treatments which had different combinations of mathematical elements regarding 2-dimensional (2-D) geometry and area measurement for developing 4th-grade children's understanding of the formulas for area measurement and their ability to solve area measurement problems. Participants were 120 fourth graders. The results showed that the enriched curriculum, involving the geometry motions and area measurement connections effectively facilitated children's mathematical judgments and explanations demanding high-level conceptual understanding. The instructional curricula accentuating only 2-D geometry or numerical calculations for area measurement did not exhibit such effectiveness. Interview data revealed that the geometric operations of superimposition, decomposition, re-composition as well as the concept of congruence were deemed essential by children for the conceptualization of the formulas for area measurement.     

Consecutive Successes: A Recursive Approach

This article illustrates the importance of one's initial thoughts in problem solving through an entertaining example.     

高职学生党建工作存在的突出问题及发展对策思考

高等职业技术教育是近年来迅速发展起来的一种高等教育新形式。新形势下,高职学生党建受高等教育大众化和市场经济深入发展的影响,存在一些突出问题,必须站在战略和全局的高度,从创新工作观念、完善工作制度、健全工作机构、丰富工作内容等方面切实采取有效措施,创造性地解决存在的问题。