我国科技系统波动性实证研究--ARCH模型族的应用

应用ARCH类模型对我国科技系统波动进行实证研究,结果表明我国科技运行机制与西方市场经济国家存在显著区别.在我国,科技系统无法依靠自身的力量达到稳定状态,只有靠外部力量的非市场干预才能实现科技系统的平稳运行。     

影响大学生心理健康成长的因素分析

随着社会的发展,当代大学生思想活跃,但是心理问题也日趋严重。本文从学生产生心理问题的主要表现,分析了这类问题存在的主要原因。根据产生原因,提出了帮助大学生克服心理障碍的几点建议。     

中国央行降息对股市影响的一类干预分析模型

本文应用时间序列建模方法，对反映中国市场经济睛雨表的股市进行了实证研究，不仅使用大家熟知的平稳时序建模过程，而且更重要的是，在考察政府干预——央行降息对股市影响方面，这里并未采用以往的假设统计检验，而是通过一种定量分析模型——干预模型来进行研究。从而得出与股价、利息率呈反向变动这一理论相吻合的实证结果。     

灾难心理创伤及受灾民众的心理援助

现代社会,灾难心理援助成为了迫切的时代需求。灾难心理援助的本质是帮助受灾民众与外部环境之间保持心理平衡,形成动态的耦合关系。灾难心理援助受到多种社会因素的制约,需要综合应用各种方法,加强灾难心理援助体系和制度建设。     

A new age for child protection--General Comment 13: why it is important, how it was constructed, and what it intends?

Children continue to be subjected to high levels of violence (i.e., physical, psychological and sexual maltreatment) throughout the world. International concern about violence against children has increased significantly during the last decade. A Study on Violence Against Children, encouraged by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary General and reported in 2006, has become a rallying call to improve child protection. Child protection practices and systems have been judged to be generally inadequate and, in some cases, destructive. It is widely recognized that business as usual—more of the same—will not do. A General Comment (guide to fulfilling obligations) for Article 19, the central conceptualization of child protection of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has the potential to promote a worldwide reformulation of child protection priorities, policies, and practices by virtue of the infusion of a child rights approach. It can be a mechanism for framing and promoting the transformational change needed – for a genuine paradigm shift. Here, explication is given for the historical context, rationale, centrality of child rights, process of development, holistic nature, and primary elements of General Comment 13 (GC13): The child's right to freedom from all forms of violence. GC13 embodies and champions a child rights approach to child protection entailing strong support for proactive primary prevention, promotion of good child care, and a commitment to secure the rights and well-being of all children. A child rights-based, comprehensive coordinating framework is recommended for the implementation of GC13.     

Trajectories of maternal verbal aggression across the middle school years: associations with negative view of self and social problems

Objective

The primary research objective was to explore the relationship between trajectories of maternal verbal aggression (VA) experienced by low-income, community middle school students across a three-year period and outcomes that have been found to be related to VA in previous work, including a negative view of self and social problems.

Method

Longitudinal data were collected from 421 youth (51.8% male) attending two middle schools over 3 years using a multiple-informant survey design. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify trajectories of VA using youth ratings of the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent-Child (Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Moore, & Runyan, 1998). Dependent variables were self-reported depression, self-esteem, delinquency, and peer victimization as well as peer-rated aggression and sensitive-isolated reputation.

Results

Four trajectory groups of VA were identified: Low Stable, Increasing, Decreasing, and High Stable. The 3-year average occurrence of VA was: 1.31, 9.18, 10.24, and 31.14 instances, respectively. Gender-specific MANOVAs revealed dramatic differences between the High Stable and Low Stable groups. High Stable boys reported significantly more depressive symptoms, delinquency, peer overt and relational victimization, and were less likely to have a sensitive/isolated reputation than Low Stable boys. High Stable girls reported significantly more depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, delinquency, peer overt and relational victimization and were rated by peers as having more aggressive/disruptive and relationally aggressive reputations than Low Stable girls. Girls in the High Stable group were more likely than other youth to report levels of depressive symptoms and delinquency >1 SD above the mean, while boys in the High Stable group were more likely to report levels of delinquency >1 SD above the mean. The Increasing and Decreasing groups also demonstrated significantly poorer functioning than the Low Stable group on most outcomes. Growth curve analysis revealed that VA showed a contemporaneous association with self-reported delinquency suggesting these factors are closely related.

Conclusions

Any level of VA greater than the 1–2 instances per year reported by youth in the Low Stable group was associated with less favorable outcomes.     

How to deal with emotional abuse and neglect: further development of a conceptual framework (FRAMEA)

Objective

To develop further the understanding of emotional abuse and neglect.

Methods

Building on previous work, this paper describes the further development of a conceptual framework for the recognition and management of emotional abuse and neglect. Training in this framework is currently being evaluated. The paper also briefly reviews more recent work on aspects of the definition, harm caused by emotional abuse and neglect and threshold.

Results

The paper arrives at a working definition as ‘persistent, non-physical, harmful interactions with the child by the caregiver, which include both commission and omission.’ There are many forms of harmful caregiver-child interactions, which can be placed in five categories, each category reflecting the fulfillment of one of the child's basic psycho-social needs and requiring a different therapeutic approach for its alleviation. The caregiver-child relationship is embedded within a psycho-social context. It is suggested that greater clarity can be gained about the child and family when information is sorted into the appropriate tiers of concerns: Tier 0 – Social & environmental factors, Tier I – Caregiver risk factors, Tier II – Caregiver-child interactions and Tier III – Child's functioning. It is further suggested that while intervention is required, this is directed towards protection, rather than providing immediate protection of the child. The work takes the form of a time-limited trial of therapeutic work to gauge the capacity of the caregivers to change. This initial work focuses Tiers 0–II. Statutory steps might be required in order to encourage the caregivers to engage. If insufficient progress is achieved, active child protection may be required which might include placing the child in an alternative family. However, some, usually older, children will remain in the emotionally abusive environment and they will require ongoing help and support.

Conclusion

While a greater understanding of emotional abuse and neglect is now possible, further evaluation of the utility of this framework is suggested.     

Differential effects of psychological maltreatment on children of mothers exposed to intimate partner violence

Objective

Psychological maltreatment (PM) is the most prevalent form of child abuse, and is the core component of most of what is considered as child maltreatment. The aim of this work was to explore differential adverse outcomes of the different types of PM in the mental health and functioning of children living in homes in which they are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV).

Method

Participants were 168 children, aged between 4 and 17, whose mothers experienced IPV. They were assessed using different measures of psychopathology and functioning: Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-IV, Child Behavior Checklists and Child and Adolescent Functioning Assessment Scale. Furthermore, IPV was assessed with the Schedule for Assessment of Intimate Partner Violence Exposure in Children and the Index of Spouse Abuse. Statistical analyses were carried out with regression models adjusted by means of Generalized Estimating Equations.

Results

Spurning was the PM subtype with the greatest global effect on the children, as it was significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing problems. Denying emotional responsiveness specifically increased the risk of internalizing psychopathology and impairment in the emotional area. Terrorizing was not significantly associated with a greater number of negative outcomes in children's psychopathology or functioning in this population.

Implications

The results suggest the importance of taking PM types into account in order to fully understand the problems of children exposed to IPV at home, and for the design of effective treatment and prevention programs.     

户外拓展在应用型高校心理素质教育中开展的前景展望

对高校心理素质教育现状进行研究后发现,现有的心理素质教育模式比较陈旧,学生所学知识、技能多停留在理论层面,不能发挥其实际效用;解决这一问题,急需探寻一条心理素质教育的新路径;户外拓展是一种新兴的、体验式的人才培训方式,从其内容、形式以及开展的功能来看,非常适合学生心理素质的培养;目前,在高校领域内开展户外拓展训练和研究的还为数不多,其应用前景十分广阔;应用型高校应当结合自身的实际情况,适当开展户外素质拓展训练,以增强学生心理素质。     

试论考研大学生的心理顾虑及调试策略

随着我国高等教育的发展和就业形势的日益严峻,越来越多的大学生加入了考研大军。但是,面对考研,很多学生难以下定决心,有的虽然决定考研,也存在诸多心理顾虑。本文对考研大学生存在的心理顾虑及其产生原因进行了剖析,并提出了积极的调试策略,以帮助大学生走出顾虑,坚定考研信心。