FIFA 11+练习对足球运动员膝关节生物力学特征和专项素质作用的Meta分析

目的:系统评价FIFA 11+练习对足球运动员膝关节生物力学特征和专项素质的作用,旨在厘清FIFA 11+练习的作用价值及方式。方法:检索国内、外数据库中关于FIFA 11+练习对膝关节生物力学特征及专项素质特征的实验研究,根据Cochrane系统评价手册进行文献质量评价,运用Stata15.1版本的结局指标进行Meta分析、敏感性分析、亚组分析和发表偏倚检验。结果:共纳入20篇中、外文献,712名被试者。Meta分析结果显示:FIFA 11+练习可显著提高足球运动员膝关节股四头肌等速肌力[SMD=0.48(0.26,0.71)]、腘绳肌等速肌力[SMD=0.61(0.33,0.90)]、膝关节稳定性[SMD=0.32(0.17,0.47)]动态平衡能力[SMD=0.48(0.33,0.63)]、敏捷性[-0.40(-0.75,-0.06)]和弹跳能力[SMD=0.33(0.19,0.48)],对短距冲刺能力无显著提高作用[SMD=-0.67(-1.43,0.09)]。结论:1)FIFA 11+练习可显著提高足球运动员膝关节肌力、动态平衡能力、弹跳能力和敏捷性;不同角速度、年龄分别是膝关节等速肌力、敏捷性异质性的来源;2)FIFA 11+练习对足球运动员短距冲刺能力无显著改善效果。     

2005年第十一届世界游泳锦标赛跳水比赛评析

通过对2005年第11届世界游泳锦标赛的跳水成绩进行对比分析研究,探索世界跳水发展趋势和世界跳水实力格局,为备战2008年奥运会提供理论参考。我国跳水运动仍然具有较大的优势,但前景不容乐观,有些项目的优势正在丧失,部分项目缺乏领军人物。我们必须认真研究跳水运动技术的发展趋势,提高科学化训练水平、强化心理素质和提高运动技术水平,才能继续保持我们的优势。     

Introducing veteran critical theory

Research on student veterans is in an infant state. As veterans continue to enroll in institutions of higher education, researchers must explore new ways of knowing student veterans. It is not enough to only describe and model this growing demographic, researchers must also have a tool for criticism and question. The next in an important tradition of emancipatory paradigms, this article suggests a critical theory built on current critical conversations but adapted for the unique characteristics of the student veteran. The article defines the need for a critical theory (Veteran Critical Theory), explains 11 tenets for this new theory, and discusses how these tenets could be used by administrators, faculty, student affairs professionals, and students in the higher education community.     

Contests for cooperation—A new approach in German innovation policy

A new approach in German innovation policy organizes contests of proposals for developing innovation networks. Based on an overview of the different programs, we investigate the advantages and problems of such an approach. We find that this type of policy may have a relatively large impact and can, therefore, be regarded as a rather efficient instrument of innovation policy. Compared to conventional policies, administration of the program is a much more critical issue. The contest approach may stimulate learning effects on the side of the administration but may also require a high degree of flexibility. The main disadvantage is the additional time that is required for conducting the contest. As a distinct ‘picking the winner’ approach, the contest approach is not suited as a means for achieving a leveling-out of regional welfare.     

The quality vs. the quantity of schooling: What drives economic growth?

This paper challenges Hanushek and Woessmann's (2008) contention that the quality and not the quantity of schooling determines a nation's rate of economic growth. I first show that their statistical analysis is flawed. I then show that when a nation's average test scores and average schooling attainment are included in a national income model, both measures explain income differences, but schooling attainment has greater statistical significance. The high correlation between a nation's average schooling attainment, cumulative investment in schooling, and average tests scores indicates that average schooling attainment implicitly measures the quality as well as the quantity of schooling.     

Valuing the benefits of the education provided by public universities: A case study of Minnesota

This study estimates the value of the private and public benefits that accrue to Minnesota residents from state government subsidies to higher education. In 2005, the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system received $832 million from Minnesota's state government to support educational programs. These subsidies allow these institutions to offer lower tuition rates, increasing the number of Minnesotans with bachelor and graduate degrees. We calculate that removing these subsidies would eventually lead to 14,000 fewer graduate degree holders in Minnesota, and reduce those with bachelor's degrees or “some college” by 42,000. The annual economic cost of these subsidies is about $326 million; this is less than annual state appropriations because most of those appropriations are income transfers from taxpayers to students, not an economic cost. We estimate that the annual value of the benefits of these subsidies is between $531 and $786 million ($381 and $570 million) when a 3% (5%) discount rate is used. We also discuss some of the income distribution consequences.     

第11届全运会男子标枪运动员最后用力技术的三维运动学研究

运用现场拍摄与图像解析的方法,对第11届全运会田径比赛男子标枪决赛前8名运动员的技术动作进行解析研究。结果表明,男子标枪运动员在投掷步阶段下肢动作有3种不同的时间变化节奏模式;在标枪出手瞬间身体各环节(髋关节、肩关节、肘关节以及标枪出手的速度)变化基本相同;标枪出手瞬间所获得水平速度与垂直速度存在不同程度的差异;标枪的出手角度、初始攻角和初始偏航角度比理想值普遍偏大;在最后出手阶段,制动腿膝关节都在逐渐伸展,在出手瞬间的制动腿膝关节伸展角度大于最后用力阶段中的膝关节最大角度;在T1—T2阶段的肩轴与髋轴变化情况各不相同。同时,加速距离主要取决于试图达到最佳投掷效果的许多动作。     

“十一运”持拍隔网对抗类项目区域分布特征研究

运用文献资料、数理统计等方法,揭示第11届全运会各代表队在持拍隔网对抗类项目中获得奖牌和金牌的排名情况,并结合区域分布进行分析表明：1）羽毛球项目,东南部、沿海城市具有突出优势,江苏占据绝对优势;2）乒乓球项目,南北部实力相当,东部占据强势,北京占据绝对优势;3）网球项目,南北方实力相当,东、中、西部均有奖牌分布,以东部为主,且形成了以天津、江苏、上海为主要奖牌＂高产地带＂的三足鼎立局势。     

我国男子跆拳道比赛技战术运用现状研究

以第11届全国运动会男子跆拳道决赛阶段48场比赛为研究对象,通过全程录像回放,对运动员使用技术、得分、警告、交手和贴靠等方面进行统计分析,结果显示：横踢是核心技术和得分的主要手段;警告次数大级别高于小级别,以出界为主;小级别场均交手次数高于大级别;贴靠主要以交手后贴靠和无交手贴靠为主。     

第十一届全运会女子举重比赛分析

为了巩固我国女子举重运动在世界举坛的优势地位,对第十一届全运会女子举重比赛进行了多角度分析。结果发现,我国女子举重运动员整体表现优异。比赛中,老运动员发挥稳定,新人表现抢眼;奖牌分步更广,湖南队表现突出。但是,开把过高和试举成功率低影响了运动员的正常发挥;在小级别比赛中,第二次和第三次试举加2kg和3kg占的比例最多,而在大级别比赛中,第二次和第三次试举加3kg和5kg占的比例最多。部分教练员加重方案运用的不够合理,临场指挥有待提高;小级别在世界女子举坛依然占据着统治地位,中大级别优势已不明显,在2012年伦敦奥运会上我们将面临更多的挑战。