Prelude to a stronger involvement in the middle east: french attacks on beirut in the years 1403 and 1520

The aim of this article is to explain the evolution of French Levant policy from crusade to diplomacy. Traditionally French policy towards the Levant was dominated by the hope of the Most Christian Kings to re-conquer the Holy Land from the “infidels” until the early sixteenth century. In the course of the sixteenth century this changed and a new approach of treating Muslim powers in the same way as Christian neighbours emerged. The reason why the latter concept became predominant shall be explained by showing the examples of two French attacks on Beirut in the years 1403 and 1520. Although both were initially undertaken in the spirit of the crusades, France reversed its policy in the aftermath of the 1520 failure and sought co-operation with a Muslim state. Severely threatened on several borders by Habsburg Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, France henceforth looked to the Ottomans as allies and gave up on further crusading projects. This reconsideration of its foreign policy aims culminated in the French–Ottoman treaty of 1536.     

运动与2型糖尿病治疗的研究述评

运动被认为是2型糖尿病（非胰岛素依赖型）病人治疗康复的基石，传统认为有氧耐力运动是最适宜的运动模式，目前许多研究发现抵抗性训练对治疗2型糖尿病也有效。因此，提出针对2型糖尿病人个体的最理想的运动方案应当是包括改善心肺功能、肌肉力量和耐力等的有氧耐力训练和抵抗性训练的综合方案，包括各种运动模式的运动方案都能积极地影响病人对运动方案的适应性。2型糖尿病人从事个性化的训练，发生并发症的危险性显著降低。     

论二战时期英国对戴高乐政策的演变

法国政府投降后 ,戴高乐将军在英国伦敦成立“民族委员会”,领导自由法国运动 ,以维护法兰西民族的尊严和独立。英国为战时和战后的自身安全着想 ,实行既支持戴高乐抗击法西斯侵略 ,又限制戴高乐行动的政策 ,其目的就是使英国能够在欧洲大陆推行传统的“均势外交”政策。我们揭开这一政策的神秘面纱 ,可以从中窥见英国对戴高乐政策的演变的实质 ,就是随时维护大英帝国利益     

UGII在CAD/CAM技术课程实验教学中的应用

实验是获取知识、培养创新思维和实践能力的重要渠道。本文强调了UGII在CAD／CAM技术课程实验教学中的作用，并主要介绍UGII在CAD／CAM各单元技术与集成技术的典型应用。     

聚丙烯酰胺活化过氧化氢氧化邻苯三酚红催化褪色光度法测定痕量钴

在pH=8.3硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液中,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)活化钴(II)催化过氧化氢氧化邻苯三酚红(PGR)使之褪色的指示反应,确定了催化褪色反应测定钴(II)的动力学条件,建立了测定痕量钴的高灵敏度的褪色光度法。此法线性测定范围为0.012～0.28μg/L,检出限为6.0×10-12g/mL,线性回归方程为△A=0.1045+1.199Cco2+(μg/L),r=0.9994。当加入PAM时,△A比不加PAM增大6.5倍。常见离子不影响测定。     

Association of Type II 5′ Monodeiodinase Thr92Ala Single Nucleotide Gene Polymorphism and Circulating Thyroid Hormones Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are common endocrinopathies, which often occur parallel. Dyslipidemia is very common in both of these conditions. The development of hypothyroidism is well-known in type 1 diabetics, but it was not distinctly understood in type 2 diabetics. Thus we tried to examine the association between type II deiodinase (D2 or DIO2) Thr92Ala single nucleotide gene polymorphism and thyroid function among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 130 type 2 diabetics were screened and genotyped for DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism. Fasting plasma glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid and thyroid profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) and paraoxonase were estimated according to standard procedures. A significant altered level of thyroid hormones (TH’s) was found in Ala/Ala genotype when compared with Thr/Thr or Thr/Ala genotype. DIO2 and T₃:T₄ ratio significantly decreased, whereas total T₄ and thyroid stimulating hormone levels significantly elevated among Ala/Ala genotype (131 ± 30 ng/ml; 0.12 ± 0.05; 7.17 ± 2.05 µg/dl; 4.77 ± 3.1 µIU/ml, respectively) when compared with Thr/Thr + Thr/Ala genotypes (176 ± 33 ng/ml; 0.21 ± 0.05; 5.21 ± 1.1 µg/dl; 2.59 ± 1.61 µIU/ml respectively). Moreover, D2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TH’s levels except total T₄ among Ala/Ala genotypes. All the patients were having a poor glycemic control, and their glycemic status was positively correlating with MDA levels. On the other hand, serum paraoxonase activity decreased among Ala/Ala genotype (104 ± 21 vs. 118 ± 18 nmol/min/ml). In conclusion, DIO2 Ala92 homozygous variant found to be associated with altered levels of DIO2, Thyroid profile and paraoxonase. Hence, we recommend to do detail study of genetic factors related to thyroid function and prevent additional diabetic complications.     

Weibull分布基于定数逐次截尾寿命数据的统计分析

讨论Weibull分布基于定数逐次截尾寿命数据的参数估计，得到了参数的逆矩估计量和区间估计，模拟结果显示在中小样本情况下所给估计量优于参数的最大似然估计．     

Rethinking Dąbrowski’s Theory II: It’s Not All Flat Here

Unilevel disintegration, the second level in D?browski’s theory, does not have a structure comparable to the higher levels. It also lacks direction. If so, one is bound to ask what is developmental about it and what, in fact, is developing in level II. Two classsic studies and one of highly gifted adults show three possible kinds of emotional development on the not-so-flat plane of level II: a personal growth from black-and-white to relativistic thinking, from no sense of self to an individual self, and fulfillment of one’s talents as a productive member of society. Viewing the levels as types of development makes clear that the first two levels are not precursors to advanced development.     

通信原理实验教学的改革

基于FPGA的EDA技术是近几年迅速发展起来的电子设计技术，将其应用于通信原理实验教学，可改变传统的实验教学模式，极大地提高实验效果，从而实现通信原理实验教学的重大改革。     

福特家族CEO危机管理策略述评

福特家族CEO是福特汽车公司的灵魂。其危机管理策略,是坚持愿景,坚守基本面,承担社会责任,依法经营,注重环保,跳出企业生命周期率,适应不同时代的不同商业模式,制定科学的运营流程、薪酬体系和组织结构,设计、生产和营销优良产品。