Variance of a Few Observations

This article demonstrates that the variance of three or four observations can be expressed in terms of the range and the first order differences of the observations. A more general result, which holds for any number of observations, is also stated.     

德国“双元制”模式对我国职业教育改革的借鉴

"双元制"职业教育模式是德国采取的一种较成功的办学模式,该教育模式"重实践过程、重方法训练、重能力培养",其成功经验被许多国家借鉴、采用和推广。科学借鉴德国"双元制"职业教育模式,发展我国职业教育事业,应从职业教育立法、能力培养、师资队伍建设和开展校企合作等多方面深化职业教育教学改革。     

SSCI收录期刊不同学科Article和Review参考文献量的差异性分析

【目的】 以SSCI的学科分类为单位,分析不同学科期刊的Article和Review参考文献量的差异,以利于相关人员了解及借鉴,同时为进一步从文后参考文献的角度更深入了解现行期刊评价指标的优缺点提供数据支持。【方法】 分学科下载2015年SSCI收录期刊的主要文献计量学指标,同时记录各刊在学科内的分区及各刊Article和Review的平均参考文献量,Spearman等级秩相关性分析用于分析各学科Article和Review的参考文献量与学科各评价指标的相关性。【结果】 2015年SSCI共收录了57个学科的4468种期刊,Article和Review的参考文献量与学科规模的大小均不相关(均为P>0.05);学科内Article和Review的参考文献量由多到少排序,依次为Q1区(60.27条、86.85条)、Q2区(52.21条、83.80条)、Q3区(48.16条、74.61条)、Q4区(45.70条、62.90条),且差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,Article参考文献量仅与学科中位被引半衰期和学科中位引用半衰期存在相关性;Review参考文献量除与学科中位被引半衰期不存在相关性外,与其他主要期刊评价指标均有相关性(均为P<0.05)。【结论】 按SSCI学科分组,Article和Review参考文献量与学科影响力的关系并不一致,二者与学科规模均不相关;同一学科影响力较大期刊的Article和Review参考文献量相对较多。     

国外农村职业教育发展经验分析及借鉴

国外农村职业教育发展的成功经验主要包括：健全国家相关法制;逐渐转变农村职教功能,完善农村职教培养目标;加大国家财政支持力度,促进农村职教可持续发展;建立科学高效的管理体制;深化农村职教内部改革,提高农村职教办学质量;提高农村职校学生素质,推行职业资格证书制度;创建并完善层次不同、类型多样、学制灵活的农村职教体系等等。这些经验对发展我国农村职业教育有重要启示。     

同治光绪年间新科进士授职情况探析——兼论《清代科举考试述录》中的相关观点

《清史稿》和《清代科举考试述录》两种书都谈到了新科进士的授职情况,前者较为简要且有缺漏,后者较为详尽。然而,尤其是《清代科举考试述录》在同治和光绪时期所授职"知县"和"内阁中书"的记载上有不当之处。此外,该书对现任官员考中进士后授职情况的记载也不甚完备。对此,论文利用《清代朱卷集成》中丰富的进士履历予以一一指正和补充。     

Acute effects of vibration-assisted stretching are more evident in the non-dominant limb

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a vibration-assisted static stretching intervention on enhancing split range of motion in gymnasts matched on initial range of motion. Twenty-two female artistic gymnasts (mean age 13.8 years, s=2.3) matched for age (±6 months) and competitive level were randomly assigned to a static stretching intervention with or without simultaneous vibration. The test consisted of adopting a forward split position with the rear leg bent to 90° and held vertically against a matted block while the pelvis remained perpendicular to the lines of the two legs. The gymnast was instructed to descend into the lowest split position of her comfortable pain tolerance. Positions were videotaped and digitized creating an angle between the split legs. The stretching intervention consisted of a forward split position with emphasis on the front leg hamstring muscle group, followed by a forward lunge position with emphasis on the rear leg quadriceps muscle group. In each position, four sets of stretches were completed each of 10 s duration with 5 s of rest between sets. The experimental group performed stretches with the vibration device turned on while the control group performed the same stretches with the vibration device turned off. A pre-test was performed to obtain baseline scores with the post-test following immediately after the vibration or control stretching intervention. Difference scores were calculated between the pre-test and post-test for each gymnast, and compared between groups using independent t-tests. Results showed significant post-test differences between the vibration and non-vibration groups (mean difference 12.2±5.2° vibration vs. 7.8±3.5° non-vibration, P=0.030) in the non-dominant limb, but no significant differences in the dominant limb (mean difference 10.2±4.3° vibration vs. 7.9±6.1° non-vibration, P=0.32). Vibration-assisted static stretching may provide a greater stimulus for range of motion improvements in limbs that have a lower initial level of flexibility.     

Reference Ranges for Serum Total Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, and VLDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Healthy Iranian Ahvaz Population

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are recognized as major mortality causes and imposes tremendously heavy socio-economic burden worldwide. A vast variety of risk factors have been introduced in the literature known to enhance the incidence of CVD, such as hyperlipidemia. Therefore in order to make an accurate clinical decision it is essential to have appropriate reference ranges for lipids and lipoprotein particles in a particular population. Healthy female (n = 601) and male (n = 617) cases were randomly selected according to certain exclusion criteria from individuals visiting the major University hospital clinics situated in different part of Ahvaz city, Iran, from June 2010 to December 2010. Fasting blood samples (10 ml) were collected and analyzed for total cholesterol, total triglyceride and HDL-C employing enzymatic assays of CHOD-PAP, GPO-PAP and homogenous methods respectively. The samples were obtained such to include the ethnic populations of Persian, Arab. Lore leaving in this city. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS-18 software. The obtained results were analyzed then age ethnic-wise and reference ranges (mean ± 1SD) were calculated. Remarkable differences between the obtained results for our population with other nations were seen. Also ethnic difference for HDL-C among our cases was noted. The observed significant differences among different nations and ethnicities emphasizes the need for nation-specific, local reference ranges for lipids and lipoproteins particles, to be established.     

布卢姆"掌握学习"对素质教育的启示

布卢姆的“掌握学习”理论,主要是研究大面积提高劳动者的科学文化素质等问题,通过对“学习的时间”、“学习的毅力”、“教学的质量”、“理解教学的能力”和“能力倾向”等方面的分析,强调大面积地提高学校教育质量的可行性。布卢姆的这种观点对于我国的素质教育具有一定的启发作用。     

范围副词研究综述

关于范围副词,学术界有不同看法。虽然有人认出为应取消范围副词,但更多的人从范围副词的定义、类型、语义指向及语义制约、范围副词修饰名词等问题进行了深入的研究,使范围副词的研究深度和广度有了很大的改观。     

普通高校加强系资料室建设之我见

针对目前普通高校在系资料室建设方面所存在的问题,阐述了重视和加强系资料室建设的必要性和一些主要设想。