简探云南省少数民族传统体育休闲化的区域优势

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法深入地分析了云南省少数民族传统体育项目和休闲体育的特点,深刻探究了云南省发展休闲体育在项目、经济、地理环境等方面的区域优势,展示了云南省由相对封闭的少数民族传统体育发展为开放性、大众性的休闲体育广阔前景。     

Individual participant data meta-analysis of the impact of educational interventions on pupils eligible for Free School Meals

Meta-analysis is the synthesis of findings from research projects, which enables an estimate of the average or pooled effect across various studies. This study presents findings from the intention to treat analysis for a series of educational evaluations in England using a two-stage meta-analysis with standardised outcome data and individual participant data meta-analyses. The research estimates the overall impact of educational trials on pupils eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and the attainment gap in literacy and mathematics performance between FSM and non-FSM pupils based on analysis of 88 trials and data from over half a million pupils. For the meta-analyses, frequentist and Bayesian multilevel models were used to estimate the individual and pooled effect size across categories of explanatory variables such as age groups (key stages in England) and aspects of the type of interventions (one-to-one, small group, whole class). Results indicated that the overall impact of interventions on the literacy outcomes of FSM pupils was positive, with a pooled effect size of 0.06 (0.03, 0.08). However, for mathematics, no overall effect on FSM pupils was observed. Analysis of the attainment gap indicated that literacy outcomes for FSM pupils were improved by interventions marginally more than for non-FSM pupils (pooled attainment gap 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04)). The risk of bias assessment showed that estimates were consistent across different methodological approaches. Overall, evidence from this study can be used to identify, test and scale educational interventions in schools to improve educational outcomes for disadvantaged pupils.     

Does inequality in opportunity perpetuate inequality in outcomes? International evidence from four TIMSS cycles

Entrenched socioeconomic inequalities in achievement have been observed in international assessments for decades, with previous research suggesting that these inequalities may be exacerbated by differentiation in the opportunities provided to various social groups. Much previous research in this field has been US-based or subject to measurement issues. This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in outcomes and opportunities using four cycles of international assessment data across 78 countries. Further, the paper questions whether inequalities in opportunities are related to inequalities in outcomes. The findings indicate global social inequalities in mathematics and science outcomes, while inequality of opportunity was particularly concentrated in economically advanced countries. Little evidence of the perpetuation of socioeconomic inequality in achievement through differentiated educational provision was found.     

Investigating gender differences in mathematics by performance levels in the Italian school system

Amongst the extensive research conducted about girls’ lack of interest in STEM subjects, an issue that is frequently examined is the learning of mathematics. This research investigates the gender gap in mathematics among Italian students based on performance levels, using standardised large-scale data from INVALSI tests. We performed a quantile regression to better understand the differences along the entire score distribution. A latent class model was then estimated to identify groups of students with similar performance levels, taking into account the gender covariate. The results indicate that boys are already ahead from primary education and that there is a general decrease in the performance as students progress through the education stages.     

Compelled to Compete: Chinese graduates on employment and social mobility after international and domestic study

The article offers unique insights into international and domestic graduates’ career progression and social mobility experiences in China. Drawing on in-depth interview data with master-level graduates, the analytical results reveal that the majority of the participants (both domestic and international) perceive that international graduates have more opportunities and better career progression, but the analytical results show that both domestic and international graduates secured positive employment outcomes. Significant gender disparities exist, as women, both international and domestic graduates, are still disadvantaged in terms of occupational attainment and career prospects and report lower employment satisfaction. All domestic graduates reported not only positive employment outcomes in the labour market but upward social mobility. In contrast, the majority of international graduates reported not having achieved the same level of social status as their parents. Graduates’ differentiated relations to China’s state institutions of Bianzhi, Danwei and Hukou and social connections (Guanxi) heavily influenced their employment trajectories and social mobility. We argue that the participants’ conflicting perceptions are linked to the intense labour market competition encouraged by the sustained expansion of domestic higher education enrolment and amplified by the increasing number of international graduates. The societal institutions defuse to some extent conflicts over economic interests arising from the marketisation of social life.     

区域创新体系的构建原则、组织结构与推进措施

本文论述了构建区域创新体系应遵循的基本原则,并根据相关原则及各子系统的功能和相互关系构筑了区域创新体系组织结构的框架模型,即区域创新体系包括两个层次、六个子系统。最后提出了推进区域创新体系建设的一些对策措施。     

中国社会现代化的路径图

社会现代化是现代化的一个重要领域,是国家现代化的重要组成部分。《中国现代化报告2006》系统阐述了社会现代化的原理和方法。本文讨论该报告的三个要点:(1)什么是社会现代化;(2)中国社会现代化的国际差距;(3)中国社会现代化的路径图。     

技术创新、技术差距与中国区域绿色发展

本文结合方向距离函数和SBM模型构建体现节能减排与经济增长双重目标的绿色发展效率指标,并基于全局Luenberger指数和共同前沿方法将绿色发展效率指标进行分解,从“技术创新”、“技术差距”和“管理”三个方面实证分析中国绿色发展现状、区域差异及其成因。研究发现:(1)2001-2014年,中国绿色发展从停滞甚至倒退逐步展现出良好的发展势头。样本区间内,技术创新对中国绿色发展形成正向的效应,区域间技术差距逐步缩窄,管理问题则不断加剧;(2)依托其强劲的技术创新,东部地区绿色发展势头良好,中部和西部地区绿色发展滞后则分别源于技术差距的扩大和管理问题的加剧;(3)中国绿色发展呈现出区域差异化特征,各地区未来推动绿色发展的侧重点应有所不同。本文基于省级层面,从加强技术创新、缩小技术差距和优化管理三个方面量身制定绿色发展策略,指明各省份绿色发展的方向。     

论国家结构形式选择中的民族因素——新中国和前苏联的比较

中国和前苏联都是多民族社会主义国家，在采取何种国家结构形式解决国内民族问题上，两国走的是完全不同的道路，即前苏联采用的是民族分权的联邦制，新中国实行的是以民族区域自治为补充形式的单一制。实践证明，单一制下的民族区域自治是社会主义多民族国家解决国内民族问题的成功模式。     

裂隙与症候——论四十年代"不合时宜"的孙犁

孙犁在20世纪40年代解放区的文学创作总体上呈现出一种明丽、向上的诗意风貌,表达了他对一个大时代的激情参与和诗意传达,凸显一个应和时代脉动的战士作家形象。但是在其40年代的一些抗战叙事中,也可以让人感受到蕴含其中的个人性感受。《琴和箫》和《钟》是孙犁在不同时期遭到非议甚至批判的两部"不合时宜"的作品,从对文本本身及其本事的解读,可以在诸多症候中触摸到创作主体与其激情参与的时代之间所存有的裂隙。